Active Enzyme Nanocoatings Affect Settlement of <i>Balanus amphitrite</i> Barnacle Cyprids

Tasso, Mariana; Conlan, Sheelagh L.; Clare, Anthony S.; Werner, Carsten

doi:10.1002/adfm.201101173

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It causes many negative consequences on marine industry and maritime activities, such as increased frictional resistance and fuel consumption of ships, accelerated corrosion of metal and blocked seawater pipelines in near‐sea energy infrastructures . The global ban of effective but highly toxic tributyl‐tin (TBT) based self‐polishing coatings urges the development of ecofriendly antifouling systems, including silicone‐based fouling release coatings (FRC), degradable polymers with dynamic surfaces, polymethacrylate bearing ferrocenyl groups, amphiphilic copolymers, liquid‐infused slippery surfaces, surface‐deforming materials, enzyme containing coatings, and so on. Among them, silicone‐based FRCs with excellent fouling release ability have gained considerable attention because it is environment‐friendly and has drag reducing ability …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Stratifying Silicone Coating with Nonleaching Antifoulant for Marine Anti‐Biofouling

Xie

Zeng

Peng

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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dynamic surfaces, [4] polymethacrylate bearing ferrocenyl groups, [5] amphiphilic copolymers, [6] liquid-infused slippery surfaces, [7] surface-deforming materials, [8] enzyme containing coatings, [9] and so on. Among them, silicone-based FRCs with excellent fouling release ability have gained considerable attention because it is environment-friendly and has drag reducing ability. [10] The fouling release ability of silicone elastomers arises from its low surface energy and low elastic modulus. [11] The latter makes the elastomer form a physically dynamic surface to which microorganisms weakly adhere. [2b,12] Yet, an external shearing force is needed to detach fouling organisms from the surface of silicone elastomer that cannot resist biofouling in static immersion without strong water flow. Moreover, it was reported that slime consisting of bacteria and diatoms is able to accumulate on silicone surface, and it is difficult to remove even with the help of water jet. [13] Therefore, the fouling resistance of silicone-based FRC needs improving, particularly that on static conditions. Physical addition of antifoulant can improve the antifouling ability of silicone, but the release of antifoulant is usually not consistent since silicone is not erodible in seawater. Moreover, it may affect the metabolism and growth of nontarget marine organisms. Chemically immobilization of biocidal moieties such as organic antifoulant, [14] quaternary ammonium salt, [15] zwitterion, [16] and amphiphile [17] on PDMS elastomer can avoid their release. Yet, most of such biocidal moieties are readily trapped in bulk and cannot fully exert fouling resistance. Moreover, their presence often increases the modulus and swelling of the coating, leading to decreased fouling release and mechanical performances. Enrichment of the grafted biocidal moieties on coating surface can lead to good antifouling performance without undermining the advantages of silicone elastomers. However, it is a challenge because silicone segment tends to cover biocidal moieties during the formation of coating due to its low surface energy.In this study, we have prepared a novel telomer of triclosan acrylate (TA), dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA), and 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane, where triclosan is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. [18] Silicone-based coating is Chemical immobilization of antifoulant groups to polymers is a promising approach to develop ecofriendly antifouling materials with static antifouling ability and a durable efficacy. In this work, telomer of dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA), triclosan acrylate (TA), and 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH590) is grafted to bis-silanol terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), yielding a novel self-stratifying silicone coating containing nonleaching antifoulants. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals that the antifoulant groups are enriched on the coating surface due to DFMA migration. Such a modified PDMS coating can significantly inhibit the growth of marine bacteri...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Stratifying Silicone Coating with Nonleaching Antifoulant for Marine Anti‐Biofouling

Xie

Zeng

Peng

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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“…The immobilization of subtilisin A onto highly swelling, poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) copolymer films was found to be advantageous because it permitted higher enzyme loading and activity compared with enzyme immobilization onto the compact hydrophobic poly(octadecene-alt-maleic anhydride) copolymer films [19]. Studies evaluating the effects of immobilized subtilisin A on the initial steps of settlement and adhesion of marine bacteria, green algae spores, diatoms, and larger marine invertebrates revealed that the adhesion strength decreased in the presence of the active enzyme [18,20]. In addition, a higher antifouling efficacy was observed for the immobilized enzyme when compared with similar amounts of free enzyme indicating the importance of enzyme localization at the cell-coating interface [18].…”

Section: Enzymes For Antifoulingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Polymeric Coatings to Fight Biofouling

Friedrichs¹,

Werner²

2015

Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials

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Synonyms Antifouling coatings DefinitionBiofouling, the undesired accumulation of biomass on man-made surfaces, can be avoided by polymerbased surface coatings. BiofoulingBiofouling -the accumulation and growth of communities of organisms on natural or artificial surfaces in contact with aerial or saline environments -can have severe negative consequences in a multitude of fields including industrial processes (e.g., food processing, textile, pulp and paper manufacturing) and medicine (e.g., nosocomial infections) and on seawater-contacting equipment (e.g., pipelines, cooling and filtration systems, fishing nets, ship hulls, and bridge pillars). Biofilm Formation and Consequences of BiofoulingBiofouling is a complex process that, in most cases, can be described by a basic sequence of events. Firstly, the rapid adsorption of organic molecules (mainly proteins and polysaccharides) forms a conditioning film depending on the surface properties and the environmental conditions. This is quickly followed by the development of a microbial biofilm, which essentially involves (1) the attachment of bacteria cells (and diatoms), (2) the growth and multiplication of the attached cells, (3) the formation of mature colonies, and (4) cell detachment. In marine and freshwater environments, the microbial biofilms themselves influence the subsequent colonization with more complex organisms (e.g., algae spores and protozoa) by facilitating or inhibiting settlement. The final stage of fouling is characterized by the growth of macroalgae and the settlement and growth of larger marine invertebrates [1,2].Marine and freshwater biofouling is undesirable for many reasons. Microbial biofilms can cause local fluctuations in the concentration of various chemical species, such as oxygen and metal ions, thus accelerating the corrosion of the metal substrata. The metabolic process or products (e.g., sulfides) may also be corrosive to steel surfaces. Biofouling can increase the roughness on ship hulls, resulting in a greater hydrodynamic drag. The resulting increases in fuel consumption and maintenance costs (such as dry dock cleaning, paint removal, and repainting) cost the US Navy alone more than one billion dollars per annum. In addition to economic losses, a serious threat associated with marine biofouling is the global, distributive spread of invasive species that endanger local biodiversity [3,4].

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“…Enzymes can also remove the proteinaceous cues necessary for larval attachment (Dobretsov et al 2007). For instance, proteolytic enzymes can cleave proteinaceous adhesives and reduce adhesion strength in a variety of fouling organisms including bacteria (Friedrichs et al 2012), diatoms (Pettitt et al 2004;Tasso et al 2009), green algae (Callow et al 2000;Pettitt et al 2004;Tasso et al 2009), bryozoans (Dobretsov et al 2007), and barnacles (Pettitt et al 2004;Aldred et al 2008;Tasso et al 2012). Several enzymes and enzyme blends can also cause oxidative damage through oxidoreductase-produced reactive oxygen species (eg hydrogen peroxide and hypohalogenic acids), which inhibit the formation of biofilms or degrade/remove biofilm matrices by hydrolyzing extracellular polymeric substances (Wiatr 1990;Johansen et al 1997;Leroy et al 2008;Friedrichs et al 2012).…”

Section: Inhibitors Of Adhesive Production/releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-review: Molecular mechanisms of antifouling compounds

2013

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Various antifouling (AF) coatings have been developed to protect submerged surfaces by deterring the settlement of the colonizing stages of fouling organisms. A review of the literature shows that effective AF compounds with specific targets are ones often considered non-toxic. Such compounds act variously on ion channels, quorum sensing systems, neurotransmitters, production/release of adhesive, and specific enzymes that regulate energy production or primary metabolism. In contrast, AF compounds with general targets may or may not act through toxic mechanisms. These compounds affect a variety of biological activities including algal photosynthesis, energy production, stress responses, genotoxic damage, immunosuppressed protein expression, oxidation, neurotransmission, surface chemistry, the formation of biofilms, and adhesive production/release. Among all the targets, adhesive production/release is the most common, possibly due to a more extensive research effort in this area. Overall, the specific molecular targets and the molecular mechanisms of most AF compounds have not been identified. Thus, the information available is insufficient to draw firm conclusions about the types of molecular targets to be used as sensitive biomarkers for future design and screening of compounds with AF potential. In this review, the relevant advantages and disadvantages of the molecular tools available for studying the molecular targets of AF compounds are highlighted briefly and the molecular mechanisms of the AF compounds, which are largely a source of speculation in the literature, are discussed.

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Active Enzyme Nanocoatings Affect Settlement of Balanus amphitrite Barnacle Cyprids

Cited by 31 publications

References 42 publications

Self‐Stratifying Silicone Coating with Nonleaching Antifoulant for Marine Anti‐Biofouling

Self‐Stratifying Silicone Coating with Nonleaching Antifoulant for Marine Anti‐Biofouling

Polymeric Coatings to Fight Biofouling

Mini-review: Molecular mechanisms of antifouling compounds

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