Active tectonics, earthquakes and palaeoseismicity in slowly deforming continents

Landgraf, Angela; Kübler, Simon; Hintersberger, Esther; Stein, Seth

doi:10.1144/sp432.13

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…As such, these faults are not always considered as potential sources for large seismic events. Moreover, we know that the absence of large earthquakes ( M > 7.5) in the instrumental or historical records does not truly represent the full spatial extent of the deformation, and that active faults in the Tien Shan Range rupture during occasional large earthquakes that have been shown to have recurrence times of several thousand years (Abdrakhmatov et al, ; Campbell et al, , ; Grützner et al, ; Hollingsworth et al, ; Landgraf et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several destructive historical earthquakes have occurred in western and central parts of the Tien Shan Range (Kalmetieva et al, 2009; Figures 1 and 2a). Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, was severely damaged by a destructive earthquake in 1885 (M 6.9), probably related to the reactivation of thrust faults on the northern border of the Kyrgyz Range (Figure 2; Landgraf et al, 2016). In 1911, the Chon-Kemin event (M s 8.2; Figure 1) activated several fault segments with average slip of~4 m over more than 180 km of observed surface rupture , while large landslides affected the whole region (Delvaux et al, Kalmetieva (2009) is represented by the red circles and focal mechanisms are from Sloan et al (2011).…”

Section: Historical and Instrumental Seismicity In Central Tien Shanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These offset landforms however are not associated with large earthquakes during the past century. Recent paleoseismological studies conducted in the eastern Tien Shan Range suggest that these large-scale faults have the potential to be reactivated during large earthquakes (M w > 7.5) and have long recurrence times (e.g., several thousand years; Abdrakhmatov et al, 2016;Campbell et al, 2013Campbell et al, , 2015Grützner et al, 2017;Landgraf et al, 2016) In the central Tien Shan, the largest intracontinental strike-slip fault is the northwest trending Karatau-Talas-Fergana Fault (Figures 1 and 2a). This fault is classically subdivided into two main segments: the Karatau segment to the north and the Talas-Fergana Fault (TFF) to the south (Alexeiev et al, 2017;Allen, 2001;Burtman et al, 1996;Rolland et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rate of Slip From Multiple Quaternary Dating Methods and Paleoseismic Investigations Along the Talas‐Fergana Fault: Tectonic Implications for the Tien Shan Range

et al. 2019

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The ~400‐km‐long Talas‐Fergana Fault is one of a series of major right‐lateral strike‐slip faults that cross the Tien Shan Range. This fault has been recognized as active in the late Holocene and accommodates part of the deformation induced by the ongoing Indo‐Asian collision. The kinematics and the role of this strike‐slip fault are poorly understood with no large earthquakes reported in the instrumental or historical catalogs, and no well‐constrained geological slip‐rate estimates. Here we used high‐resolution satellite imagery to present a first detailed analysis of the fault segmentation. We identified nine geometric segments based on strike variations for the Talas‐Fergana Fault. Along the Kyldau segment, through morphological analyses of an offset alluvial fan and the application of multiple dating methods (10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, luminescence, and radiocarbon), we calculated a late Quaternary slip rate ranging from 2.2 to 6.3 mm/year. This rate is higher than the geodetic measurements, but the discrepancy can be partly explained if the Talas‐Fergana Fault accommodates shortening by counterclockwise rotation around a vertical axis. Paleoearthquakes identified by trenching indicate that at least two primary surface ruptures (and possibly a third) occurred in the past 3,800 years, and that no large earthquake has ruptured the Kyldau segment since at least 420 years B.P. (possibly within the last 2,700 years), making this fault segment a potential candidate to generate an earthquake with M > 7 in the near future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical and Instrumental Seismicity In Central Tien Shanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rate of Slip From Multiple Quaternary Dating Methods and Paleoseismic Investigations Along the Talas‐Fergana Fault: Tectonic Implications for the Tien Shan Range

et al. 2019

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“…Thus, it seems to be clear that historical and instrumental seismicity data are not sufficient to fully characterize the seismogenic potential of a certain region, especially in regions of low to moderate seismicity (e.g. Camelbeeck et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2011;Landgraf et al, 2017). Therefore, during the last decade, geomorphological and palaeoseismological approaches have been increasingly used to map active faults and to determine the related slip rates (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Implications from palaeoseismological investigations at the Markgrafneusiedl Fault (Vienna Basin, Austria) for seismic hazard assessment

Hintersberger

Decker

Lomax

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Intraplate regions characterized by low rates of seismicity are challenging for seismic hazard assessment, mainly for two reasons. Firstly, evaluation of historic earthquake catalogues may not reveal all active faults that contribute to regional seismic hazard. Secondly, slip rate determination is limited by sparse geomorphic preservation of slowly moving faults. In the Vienna Basin (Austria), moderate historical seismicity (I max,obs /M max,obs = 8/5.2) concentrates along the left-lateral strike-slip Vienna Basin Transfer Fault (VBTF). In contrast, several normal faults branching out from the VBTF show neither historical nor instrumental earthquake records, although geomorphological data indicate Quaternary displacement along those faults. Here, located about 15 km outside of Vienna, the Austrian capital, we present a palaeoseismological dataset of three trenches that cross one of these splay faults, the Markgrafneusiedl Fault (MF), in order to evaluate its seismic potential. Comparing the observations of the different trenches, we found evidence for five to six surface-breaking earthquakes during the last 120 kyr, with the youngest event occurring at around 14 ka. The derived surface displacements lead to magnitude estimates ranging between 6.2±0.5 and 6.8±0.4. Data can be interpreted by two possible slip models, with slip model 1 showing more regular recurrence intervals of about 20-25 kyr between the earthquakes with M ≥ 6.5 and slip model 2 indicating that such earthquakes cluster in two time intervals in the last 120 kyr. Direct correlation between trenches favours slip model 2 as the more plausible option. Trench observations also show that structural and sedimentological records of strong earthquakes with small surface offset have only low preservation potential. Therefore, the earthquake frequency for magnitudes between 6 and 6.5 cannot be constrained by the trenching records. Vertical slip rates of 0.02-0.05 mm a −1 derived from the trenches compare well to geomorphically derived slip rates of 0.02-0.09 mm a −1 . Magnitude estimates from fault dimensions suggest that the largest earthquakes observed in the trenches activated the entire fault surface of the MF including the basal detachment that links the normal fault with the VBTF. The most important implications of these palaeoseismological results for seismic hazard assessment are as follows. (1) The MF is an active seismic source, capable of rupturing the surface despite the lack of historical earthquakes. (2) The MF is kinematically and geologically equivalent to a number of other splay faults of the VBTF. It is reasonable to assume that these faults are potential sources of large earthquakes as well. The frequency of strong earthquakes near Vienna is therefore expected to be significantly higher than the earthquake frequency reconstructed for the MF alone. (3) Although rare events, the potential for earthquake magnitudes equal or greater than M = 7.0 in the Vienna Basin should be considered in seismic hazard studies.

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Assessment of Efficacy of “b” Value as a Seismic Precursor for Select Major Seismic Events

Gadkari¹,

Mukherjee²

2022

Handbook of Petroleum Geoscience

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Active tectonics, earthquakes and palaeoseismicity in slowly deforming continents

Cited by 32 publications

References 103 publications

Rate of Slip From Multiple Quaternary Dating Methods and Paleoseismic Investigations Along the Talas‐Fergana Fault: Tectonic Implications for the Tien Shan Range

Rate of Slip From Multiple Quaternary Dating Methods and Paleoseismic Investigations Along the Talas‐Fergana Fault: Tectonic Implications for the Tien Shan Range

Implications from palaeoseismological investigations at the Markgrafneusiedl Fault (Vienna Basin, Austria) for seismic hazard assessment

Assessment of Efficacy of “b” Value as a Seismic Precursor for Select Major Seismic Events

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