Actively Targeted Deep Tissue Imaging and Photothermal‐Chemo Therapy of Breast Cancer by Antibody‐Functionalized Drug‐Loaded X‐Ray‐Responsive Bismuth Sulfide@Mesoporous Silica Core–Shell Nanoparticles

Abstract

A theranostic platform combining synergistic therapy and real-time imaging attracts enormous attention but still faces great challenges, such as tedious modifications and lack of efficient accumulation in tumor. Here, a novel type of theranostic agent, bismuth sulfide@mesoporous silica (Bi2S3@ mPS) core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), for targeted image-guided therapy of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) positive breast cancer is developed. To generate such NPs, polyvinylpyrrolidone decorated rod-like Bi2S3 NPs are chemically encapsulated with a mesoporous silica (mPS) layer and loaded with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin. The resultant NPs are then chemically conjugated with trastuzumab (Tam, a monoclonal antibody targeting HER-2 overexpressed breast cancer cells) to form Tam-Bi2S3@mPS NPs. By in vitro and in vivo studies, it is demonstrated that the Tam-Bi2S3@mPS bear multiple desired features for cancer theranostics, including good biocompatibility and drug loading ability as well as precise and active tumor targeting and accumulation (with a bismuth content in tumor being ≈16 times that of nontargeted group). They can simultaneously serve both as an excellent contrast enhancement probe (due to the presence of strong X-ray-attenuating bismuth element) for computed tomography deep tissue tumor imaging and as a therapeutic agent to destruct tumors and prevent metastasis by synergistic photothermalchemo therapy.

Nano-based approach to combat emerging viral (NIPAH virus) infection

“…12 This phenomenon of multiple interactions at a specific site with the targeted molecule further contributes towards the utilization of these NPs in active targeted imaging for diagnostics, hyperthermia therapy and medication. 56 The most common iNPs are MNPs such as silver (Ag), gold (Au), iron oxide (FeO) and NCs of silica, titanium, carbon etc.…”

Novel Bismuth‐Based Nanomaterials Used for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

“…Actually, with the help of PTT, the release rate can be significantly varied in a controllable manner by switching the laser on or off, and the therapy effect can be dramatically enhanced. To increase the drug loading capacity, Li et al . have coated Bi 2 S 3 NRs with mesoporous silica (mSiO 2 ), achieving a loading capacity of 60.85 % based on the large pore size of mSiO 2 .…”

“…To increaset he drug loading capacity,L ie tal. [91] have coated Bi 2 S 3 NRs with mesoporous silica (mSiO 2 ), achieving al oading capacity of 60.85 %b ased on the large pore size of mSiO 2 .I na ddition, hollow Bi-based NMs with photothermal property were designed for cancerm ultimodal therapy.C ompared with Bi 2 Se 3 nanoplates, the 6times higher drug loading capacity waso btained in Bi 2 Se 3 hollow nanospheres. [40b] In addition, Bi 2 S 3 and Cu 3 BiS 3 hollow structures were designed for CHT/PTTcombination therapy, and the loading efficacies were calculated to be 37.9 %a nd 27.5 %, respectively.…”

Irradiation pretreatment enhances the therapeutic efficacy of platelet-membrane-camouflaged antitumor nanoparticles

“…Compared with the passive targeting phenomenon, which is mostly based on the enhanced permeability and retention effect and is limited by tumor types [11,12], the active targeting method, such as modifying TNPs with peptides and antibodies [13,14], is more e cient to promote drug accumulation in tumors. Notably, due to the presence of functional molecules with high a nity to cancer cells on certain cell membranes, P-selectin on the platelet membrane (PM) [4], for example, some CMBNPs possess an active tumor targeting capability.…”