Activity of solvent extracts of Prosopis spicigera, Zingiber officinale and Trachyspermum ammi against multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal strains

Abstract

Background: The emerging trends of multidrug resistance among several groups of microorganisms against different classes of antibiotics led different researchers to develop efficient drugs from plant sources to counter multidrug resistant strains. This study investigated different solvent extracts of Prosopis spicigera (P. Spicigera), Zingiber officinale, and Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi) to determine their efficacy against multidrug resistant microbes. Methodology: Successive extractions of these plants were performed using a Soxhlet apparatus, using solvents with increasing polarities. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was also performed .Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by a two-fold serial dilution method followed by determination of minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration. Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Escherichia coli and reference strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus bovis were used in the study. Results: The ethanolic fraction of P. spicigera (least minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] -4.88 µg/ml) demonstrated a remarkable inhibition of the microorganisms while fractions obtained from those of Zingiber officinale (least MIC-78.125 µg/ml) exhibited little activity. The petroleum ether fraction of T. ammi (least MIC-625 µg/ml) showed best activity when compared to its other fractions. Qualitative analysis of the phytoconstituents was also performed. Conclusions: The potency shown by these extracts recommends their use against multidrug resistant microorganisms. This study also showed that P. spicigera could be a potential source of new antimicrobial agents.

Obtaining of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum, identification of eugenol and its effect on Streptococcus mutans.

“…It was noted that the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation presented strong antimicrobial activity, comparable to the concentrations reported in the range of micrograms per milliliter, compared to what has been reported as MIC and MBC for Streptococcus mutans, where apart from testing clove oil as an antimicrobial and anti-fungal for Candida albicans, a MIC and CMB of 390 and 780µg/mL, respectively, was demonstrated for Streptococcus mutans 22 . On the other hand, it has been reported that MIC of the essential oil of clove from India on Candida albicans varies from 1000 up to 2500µg/ ml, for Streptococcus sanguis was 0.31mg/mL.…”

Antimycotic activity of Myrtus communis L. towards Candida spp. from clinical isolates

“…Candidemia is associated with considerable mortality. The management of Candida infections faces many problems, such as a limited number of antifungal drugs, toxicity, resistance of Candida to commonly used antifungal drugs, relapse of Candida infections, and the high cost of antifungal drugs [8,12]. It is therefore essential to discover new antifungal agents to combat strains expressing resistance to the available antifungal drugs.…”

Antibacterial activities of Rhazya stricta leaf extracts against multidrug-resistant human pathogens

“…Indeed, the association of antibiotic use and the development of antibiotic resistance have been recognized as a cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. ESBLs, including TEM and SHV enzymes, [29] have been identified in Gramnegative bacteria such as K. pneumonia and E. coli; this adaptation has contributed enormously to the increased resistance to a broad range of antibiotics currently in use.…”