Acute bouts of upper and lower body static and dynamic stretching increase non-local joint range of motion

Behm, David G.; Cavanaugh, Tyler; Quigley, Patrick; Reid, Jonathan C.; Nardi, Priscyla Silva Monteiro; Marchetti, Paulo Henrique

doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3270-1

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In accordance with previously published reports from this laboratory 2016b) and SENIAM recommendations (Hermens 1999). EMG electrodes were placed collar to collar (2 cm) on the mid-bellies of the rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles.…”

Section: Testing Measuressupporting

confidence: 81%

“…According to an analytical review by Maffiuletti et al (2016), rate of force development (RFD) measures are a stronger indication of neuromuscular responses than peak force. Although F200 is not a true measure of RFD (N vs. N.s -1 ), and has been termed instantaneous strength, it is indicative of the ability to rapidly produce force (Behm et al 2016b). …”

Section: Testing Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of participants’ static stretching knowledge or deception on the responses to prolonged stretching

Janes

Snow

Watkins

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Much of the static stretching (SS) literature reports performance impairments with prolonged SS. However, it has been acknowledged that a limitation of these studies is participants' knowledge or bias. Since many participants have knowledge of the literature, their performance may be subconsciously influenced by expectations. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of stretching knowledge or deception on subsequent force output following SS. Two groups of male participants who were either aware (BIASED: 14) or unaware (DECEPTION: 14) of the SS literature participated. Unaware participants were misinformed that SS increases force production. Testing involved maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the quadriceps and hamstrings at pre-, post-, and 5 min post-intervention (three 30-s passive hamstring stretches to the point of discomfort with 30-s rest intervals) or control. While the DECEPTION group displayed impaired knee flexion force (p = 0.04; 3.6% and 10.4%) following hamstrings SS, there was no significant impairment with the BIASED (-1.1% and +0.9%) group. Both groups exhibited hamstrings F200 (force produced in the first 200 ms) impairments following SS. Whereas BIASED participants exhibited an overall decrease (p < 0.05; 1.8% and 4.2%) in knee extension MVC, DECEPTION participants showed (p = 0.005; 8.8% and 5.1%) force increases. The quadriceps F200 was not significantly affected with the BIASED group but overall there were 4.5% and 8.7% F200 impairments at 1 and 5 min post-intervention (p = 0.05) with the DECEPTION group. Thus while deception resulted in enhanced quadriceps muscle force output, there was no knowledge or deception advantage when stretching the hamstrings.

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Section: Testing Measuressupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Testing Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of participants’ static stretching knowledge or deception on the responses to prolonged stretching

Janes

Snow

Watkins

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…For example, if one has a wound to which pressure cannot be applied, but increased ROM is desired, such as following a proximal hamstrings repair, 36 then self-massage applied to the quadriceps may be a viable option for increasing hip flexion ROM. The findings of this investigation and others 13,15,32,33 evidence that nonlocal changes do indeed occur, which can allow for practitioners to improve their patients' ROM without endangering the potentially-sensitive tissue surrounding the muscle of interest. Lastly, the choice of modality (i.e., FR or RM) may not be as important for maximal effectiveness.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…In essence, descending inhibition may have a role in stretch tolerance and, due to its diffuse nature, may explain the non-local effects observed in this study and others. 13,15,32,33 However, despite the logical basis for the aforementioned neurophysiological mechanisms, the present investigation did not investigate them, and direct research into the mechanisms of self-massage are needed to further elucidate such mechanisms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These effects are similar to the non-local effects observed in stretching. 32,33 Furthermore, it has been suggested that self-massage of the agonist can impede muscle activation of the antagonist, 34 but it should be noted that it cannot be said for certain that the observed difference was real, since it did not exceed the MDC. 35 Therefore, it appears that the effects of self-massage are not specific to the region(s) treated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Different Anterior Thigh Self-Massage on Hip Range-of-Motion in Trained Men

Monteiro

Vigotsky

Škarabot

2018

Intl J Sports Phys Ther

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Background: Self-massage is a ubiquitous intervention similar to massage, but performed by the recipient him-or herself rather than by a therapist, most often using a tool (e.g., foam roller, roller massager). Self-massage has been found to have a wide range of effects. It is particularly known for increasing flexibility acutely, although not always. The variability of the results in previous studies may potentially be a function of the tool used. Recent findings also suggest that self-massage exerts global effects. Therefore, increased flexibility should be expected in the areas adjacent to the ones treated.Purpose: To investigate the acute effects of foam rolling and rolling massage of anterior thigh on hip range-of-motion (ROM) -i.e., hip extension and hip flexion -in trained men.Methods: Eighteen recreationally active, resistance trained males visited the lab on two occasions over a 4-day period separated by at least a day. Each session included two baseline ROM measures of passive hip flexion and extension taken in a randomized fashion. Recording of baseline measures was followed by the intervention of the day, which was either foam rolling or rolling massage of the anterior thigh as per randomization. Immediately post intervention, passive hip flexion and hip extension ROM were reassessed. In order to assess the time course of improvements in ROM, hip flexion and hip extension ROM were reevaluated at 10, 20, and 30 minutes post-intervention.Results: Hip flexion and hip extension ROM increased immediately following both interventions (foam rolling or roller massager) and remained increased for 30 minutes post intervention. Foam rolling was statistically superior in improving hip flexion and hip extension ROM immediately post intervention. However, immediately post-intervention was the only time point that measurements exceeded the minimum detectable change for both interventions. Conclusion:Both foam rolling and rolling massage appear to be effective interventions for improving hip flexion and extension ROM when applied to the anterior thigh, but the observed effects are transient in nature. Level of evidence: 2b

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Seven weeks of pectoralis muscle stretching does not induce non‐local effects in dorsiflexion ankle range of motion

Konrad,

Reiner,

Manieu

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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Both an acute bout, as well as chronic static stretching (SS), can increase the joint range of motion (ROM). However, ROM increases of a non‐stretched muscle (non‐local) are reported following an acute SS session, and these effects have not been studied for long‐term SS training. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a comprehensive 7‐week SS training program of the pectoralis muscles on ankle dorsiflexion ROM. Thirty‐three healthy, physically active participants (20 male and 13 female) were assigned to either the SS (n = 18) or the control (n = 15) group. The SS group performed a 7‐week SS intervention that comprised three sessions a week, including three exercises of the pectoralis muscles for 5‐min each. Before and after the intervention period, the ankle dorsiflexion ROM was tested with a dynamometer. There was no significant time (p = 0.93, F1,31 = 0.008; η2 = 0.000) or time x group effect (p = 0. 56, F1,31 = 0.342; η2 = 0.011) in ankle dorsiflexion ROM, indicating no changes in ROM in the intervention as well as the control group. Although previous studies on the acute effects of stretching reported non‐local increases in ROM, our study showed no such changes after 7 weeks of SS training. Consequently, if the goal is to chronically increase the ROM of a specific joint, it is recommended to directly stretch the muscles of interest.

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Acute bouts of upper and lower body static and dynamic stretching increase non-local joint range of motion

Abstract: The lack of stretch-induced force and fatigue changes suggests that rather than a mechanical or neural drive mechanism, an enhanced stretch tolerance was likely the significant factor in the improved ROM.

Cited by 58 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of participants’ static stretching knowledge or deception on the responses to prolonged stretching

Effect of participants’ static stretching knowledge or deception on the responses to prolonged stretching

Acute Effects of Different Anterior Thigh Self-Massage on Hip Range-of-Motion in Trained Men

Seven weeks of pectoralis muscle stretching does not induce non‐local effects in dorsiflexion ankle range of motion

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