Acute, chronic and reproductive toxicity of complex cyanobacterial blooms in Daphnia magna and the role of microcystins

Effects of secondary metabolites produced by different cyanobacterial populations on the freshwater zooplankters Brachionus calyciflorus and Daphnia pulex

“…Our experiments confirmed much higher toxicity of the cyanobacterial extracts containing mixtures of various cyanotoxins and other cyanobacterial metabolites than of pure MC-LR and ANTX used in equivalent concentrations. The influence of cyanobacterial extracts containing natural mixtures of several cyanobacterial metabolites on zooplankton has been extensively studied (Hulot et al 2012 ; Smutná et al 2014 ; Barrios et al 2015 ). However, only a few of these works characterised extracts for other metabolites than cyanotoxins.…”

“…Bosmina ), rotifers and copepods has been reported (Leonard and Pearl 2005 ; Hansson et al 2007 ). According to published reports, this phenomenon may be a consequence of (i) a reduction of the filtering efficiency of larger zooplankton species by filaments and colonies of cyanobacteria (DeMott et al 2001 ); (ii) a deterioration of the quality of algal food (Tillmanns et al 2008 ); and/ or (iii) harmful effects of cyanobacterial metabolites on different zooplankton genera and species (Hulot et al 2012 ; Smutná et al 2014 ). These effects, however, have been insufficiently recognised, yet.…”

An overview of diversity, occurrence, genetics and toxin production of bloom-forming Dolichospermum (Anabaena) species

“…Toxins are synthesized at all stages of cyanobacterial growth and remain mostly in the cell until their release into waters after cell lysis (Sivonen and Jones, 1999). The toxins produced by Dolichospermum blooms represent a potential threat to environmental and human health (Torokne et al, 2001;Wiegand and Pflugmacher, 2005;Ž egura et al, 2011;Singh and Dhar, 2013;Corbel et al, 2014;Freitas et al, 2014;Smutná et al, 2014;Weirich and Miller, 2014). Cyanotoxins can be bioaccumulated by aquatic invertebrates and have been found in plants and aquatic vertebrates (Codd, 2000;Pflugmacher et al, 2001;Yin et al, 2005;Ibelings and Chorus, 2007;Saqrane et al, 2007;Ettoumi et al, 2011).…”

Deiodinases and thyroid metabolism disruption in teleost fish

“…There is growing evidence that metabolites other than microcystins are also likely responsible for the toxicity associated to cyanobacterial blooms (Smutná et al, 2014;Sychrová et al, 2012). Complimentary experiments with crude biomass samples and fractions should be also carried out to correctly evaluate and characterized thyroid disrupting effects within complex biomasses.…”