“…Acute mediastinitis can also occur in the context of cardio-thoracic surgery such as emergency interventions, prolonged operative or cardiopulmonary bypass time, bilateral internal mammary artery grafting, the complexity of procedures, the use of intra-aortic balloon pumps, lack of adequate antibiotic prophylaxis [10], as well as oesophageal perforations, and oropharyngeal infections such as para-pharyngeal abscess and odontoid process with epidural abscess of a descending necrotizing nature [11]. These triggering conditions are more aggressive if associated with factors such as age, smoking, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney failure, immunosuppression treatment with corticosteroids, and generalised atherosclerosis [12].…”