ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS AS A MARKER OF RESPIRATORY INFLAMMATION IN PRZEWALSKI'S HORSE (<i>EQUUS FERUS PRZEWALSKII</i>)

Sander, Samantha J.; Joyner, Priscilla H.; Cray, Carolyn; Rotstein, David S.; Aitken‐Palmer, Copper

doi:10.1638/2015-0059.1

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Assays for APP and pro-inflammatory cytokines have been developed for domestic animals and laboratory model species, including cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, mice, and rats. A handful of studies have used serum and urine based assays to monitor health and disease incidence in wildlife species including Grant’s zebra ( 55 ), European mouflon ( 56 ), Przewalkski’s horses ( 57 ), rhesus macaques ( 58 ). As such, the tools for beginning to define panels of NSMI for disease monitoring, already exist for a broad range of mammalian host species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation

Glidden

Beechler

Buss³

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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Detecting exposure to new or emerging pathogens is a critical challenge to protecting human, domestic animal, and wildlife health. Yet, current techniques to detect infections typically target known pathogens of humans or economically important animals. In the face of the current surge in infectious disease emergence, non-specific disease surveillance tools are urgently needed. Tracking common host immune responses indicative of recent infection may have potential as a non-specific diagnostic approach for disease surveillance. The challenge to immunologists is to identify the most promising markers, which ideally should be highly conserved across pathogens and host species, become upregulated rapidly and consistently in response to pathogen invasion, and remain elevated beyond clearance of infection. This study combined an infection experiment and a longitudinal observational study to evaluate the utility of non-specific markers of inflammation [NSMI; two acute phase proteins (haptoglobin and serum amyloid A), two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and TNF-α)] as indicators of pathogen exposure in a wild mammalian species, African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Specifically, in the experimental study, we asked (1) How quickly do buffalo mount NSMI responses upon challenge with an endemic pathogen, foot-and-mouth disease virus; (2) for how long do NSMI remain elevated after viral clearance and; (3) how pronounced is the difference between peak NSMI concentration and baseline NSMI concentration? In the longitudinal study, we asked (4) Are elevated NSMI associated with recent exposure to a suite of bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens in a wild population? Among the four NSMI that we tested, haptoglobin showed the strongest potential as a surveillance marker in African buffalo: concentrations quickly and consistently reached high levels in response to experimental infection, remaining elevated for almost a month. Moreover, elevated haptoglobin was indicative of recent exposure to two respiratory pathogens assessed in the longitudinal study. We hope this work motivates studies investigating suites of NSMI as indicators for pathogen exposure in a broader range of both pathogen and host species, potentially transforming how we track disease burden in natural populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation

Glidden

Beechler

Buss³

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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“…Their elevated levels have been described in the course of bacterial and viral infections (infectious arthritis, strangles, pneumonia, sepsis, enteritis, herpes, and influenza virus infection), parasite infestations, abscesses, laminitis, colic, grass sickness, and after surgery or parturition (41). In wild equids, the concentration of SAA reflected accurately the severity of pneumonia in a 20-year-old Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) (60). In that study, the clinical observation continued for two months, and every deterioration in physical status was accompanied by an increase in the SAA concentration (up to 1000-fold in the terminal stage).…”

Section: Odd-toed Ungulates (Perissodactyla)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Acute phase proteins in wildlife and their domesticated relatives

Libera¹,

SZOPKA²,

RATAJCZAK³

et al. 2022

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The aim of this review is to present current knowledge regarding acute phase proteins (APPs) in selected wild mammal species. APPs are a group of proteins synthesized in the liver. Their main biological function is to restore homeostasis in response to infection, injury, and other pathologies. APPs are well-studied and used in routine diagnostics in domestic animals and humans, whereas in wildlife species they are currently under intensive research. The most investigated APPs in non-domesticated animals include serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (Fb), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and albumins (Ab). Changes in their concentrations have been described in cases of injuries, bacterial and viral infections, parasite infestations, and stress situations. It is important to note that the concentration of APPs is strongly affected by species, genotype, age, and environmental conditions. As the knowledge regarding APPs in wildlife develops, they may possibly be used in the future as diagnostic or prognostic tools, which is of special importance for threatened wildlife species.

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“…In some basic science studies, mRNA sequencing and measurement of mRNA expression in various tissues has been used to aid in the identification of major APR and serum amyloid A (SAA) isoforms 12,13 . In other instances, possible reagents and APR may be targeted based on phylogenetic relationships (eg, investigating SAA in zebra and Przewalski's horses using reagents validated for SAA in domesticated horses, as SAA is the major APR in that species) 14,15 . Assessment of cross‐reactivity (ie, whether the antibody in the assay recognizes and binds to the protein of interest) is usually performed informally before assay validation experiments by running a low number of samples from healthy animals and those with overt inflammatory disease.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute phase reactants have been studied in several species of nondomesticated hoofstock. As in horses, SAA is a major, and haptoglobin a minor APR in Grant's zebra, and SAA appears to be a major positive APR in Przewalski's horse ( Equus ferus przewalskii ) 14,15 . Unlike domesticated ruminants, where haptoglobin is a major APR, haptoglobin is a minor to moderate APR in several nondomesticated ruminant species (bongo, impala, Pronghorn antelope, bison) but holds promise as a marker of subclinical infectious disease 3,22,37,46 .…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in horses, SAA is a major, and haptoglobin a minor APR in Grant's zebra, and SAA appears to be a major positive APR in Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii). 14,15 Unlike domesticated ruminants, where haptoglobin is a major APR, haptoglobin is a minor to moderate APR in several nondomesticated ruminant species (bongo, impala, Pronghorn antelope, bison) but holds promise as a marker of subclinical infectious disease. 3,22,37,46 For example, red deer naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis had two-to threefold increases in haptoglobin, and there were fewer false-negative results when using haptoglobin concentrations to detect infection, compared with the cervical comparative skin test.…”

Section: Acute Phase Reactants As Nonspecific Markers Of the Inflamma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute phase reactants in nondomesticated mammals—A veterinary clinical pathology perspective

Hooijberg

Cray

2022

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Acute phase reactants (APRs) have been used to monitor health, diagnose inflammatory disease, and track response to treatment in domesticated animals for several decades. Measurement of APRs has now become part of routine clinical chemistry testing for companion animals in many areas of the world, as earlier reviews have indicated. 1,2 The increased use of APRs in domesticated animals has been paralleled by an increasing number of studies detailing the measurement and application of APRs in nondomesticated mammals.

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ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS AS A MARKER OF RESPIRATORY INFLAMMATION IN PRZEWALSKI'S HORSE (EQUUS FERUS PRZEWALSKII)

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation

Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation

Acute phase proteins in wildlife and their domesticated relatives

Acute phase reactants in nondomesticated mammals—A veterinary clinical pathology perspective

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