Acute Poisoning among Farmers by Chlorpyrifos: Case Report from Gaza Strip

Abstract

Spraying of organophosphorus insecticides (OPI) using high volume technique may result in poisoning cases among farmers or inhabitants in the spraying zone. This study reported a case among farmers in Gaza Strip, Palestine and discussed the follow up treatments. Results showed sever fasciculation of tongue and all muscle, pinpoint pupils not reacting to light, losing consciousness and disoriented, irritability, followed by diarrhea, vomiting, and severe inhibition of acetyl choline esterase (ACHE). Irritability and low level of ACHE activity were the unique syndromes of this case. Management of the poisoning with Atropine injection was not successful treatment to cure the case. Treatment with Toxogonin as intravenous injection resulted in relieved the irritability of the poisoned case and cure the patient at the end point. During the six weeks of follow up period, the case was severely poisoned in the 1 st week, moderate poisoned in the 2 nd week and slightly poisoned at the 3 rd week. A medical decision to release the patient was made after ACHE activity level reached 4750 U/L, which very close to the normal range. The farmers left the hospital after three weeks of medical treatments and follow up. It is recommended to use Toxogonin in the management of poisoned cases with OPI immediately on arrival of cases with losing consciousness.

Effective biomarkers for successful management of sepsis

“…Our results agree with Yuzurihara et al [38], who found elevated liver enzymes (ALT and AST) in 16 patients had bilirubin measurements above 3 mg/dl. Similar results were found with acute poisoning [39,40]. The elevation of liver enzymes indicates oxidative stress in the liver of the neonates.…”

Optimal Treatment for Cancer Cases

“…These symptoms are similar to organophosphate or carbamate poisoning among the population. These observations are in accordance with previously published work of poisoning cases among populations and farmers [17][18][19][20][21]. Furthermore, an immunity loss syndrome may also result from intensive chemotherapy [22].…”

Nemacur Residue Analysis in Soil Water and Cucumber Samples Collected from the Field in Gaza Strip, Palestine

“…Pesticides are widely used to control pests that affect agricultural crops and pests in homes, yards and gardens. Potential risks associated with pesticides includes groundwater contamination [2]- [11], risk to atmospheric contamination [12] [13], food contamination [14]- [20], soil contamination [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] health risks [26]- [31] risk to fish [32] [33] [34] [35] risk to cyanobacteria [36] [37] [38]. The above mentioned reports have a major focal point on herbicides since they are directly applied to the soil and being irrigated with water to be distributed in the top 15 cm of soil layer, the active layer for weed control.…”