Acute stress imparts a transient benefit to task-switching that is not modulated following a single bout of exercise

Abstract

IntroductionCognitive flexibility represents a core component of executive function that promotes the ability to efficiently alternate—or “switch”—between different tasks. Literature suggests that acute stress negatively impacts cognitive flexibility, whereas a single bout of aerobic exercise supports a postexercise improvement in cognitive flexibility. Here, we examined whether a single bout of aerobic exercise attenuates a stress-induced decrement in task-switching.Materials and MethodsForty participants (age range = 19–30) completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and were randomized into separate Exercise or Rest groups entailing 20-min sessions of heavy intensity exercise (80% of heart rate maximum via cycle ergometer) or rest, respectively. Stress induction was confirmed via state anxiety and heart rate. Task-switching was assessed prior to the TSST (i.e., pre-TSST), following the TSST (i.e., post-TSST), and following Exercise and Rest interventions (i.e., post-intervention) via pro- (i.e., saccade to veridical target location) and antisaccades (i.e., saccade mirror-symmetrical to target location) arranged in an AABB task-switching paradigm. The underlying principle of the AABB paradigm suggests that when prosaccades are preceded by antisaccades (i.e., task-switch trials), the reaction times are longer compared to their task-repeat counterparts (i.e., unidirectional prosaccade switch-cost).ResultsAs expected, the pre-TSST assessment yielded a prosaccade switch cost. Notably, post-TSST physiological measures indicated a reliable stress response and at this assessment a null prosaccade switch-cost was observed. In turn, post-intervention assessments revealed a switch-cost independent of Exercise and Rest groups.ConclusionAccordingly, the immediate effects of acute stress supported improved task-switching in young adults; however, these benefits were not modulated by a single bout of aerobic exercise.

The Effects of Single-Bout Exercise Interventions with Different Exercise Modalities on Executive Function in Youths

“…This further supports our assumption of the linkage between OSE and executive function. However, the opposite result was shown in a previous study [ 65 , 66 ]. Morava et al [ 65 ] found no effect after a single bout of aerobic exercise in task-switching performance under pressure situations.…”

“…However, the opposite result was shown in a previous study [ 65 , 66 ]. Morava et al [ 65 ] found no effect after a single bout of aerobic exercise in task-switching performance under pressure situations. Based on the research of effect size, there is still no conclusion about whether single-bout exercise can effectively acutely improve people’s executive function.…”