Adaptation of Leaf Water Relations to Climatic and Habitat Water Availability

Mitchell, Patrick J.; O’Grady, Anthony P.

doi:10.3390/f6072281

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Justification of the use of Ψ tlp as a key functional trait for understanding species distributions along climate or soil water gradients in ecological studies has relied on its relationship with leaf water potential at stomatal closure, that is, stomatal sensitivity (Bartlett et al ; Maréchaux et al ; Meinzer et al ; Mitchell and O'Grady ). However, as previously discussed, this relationship has only been demonstrated with very few species (Brodribb et al ; Mitchell et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drought-related mortality and die-back are increasingly being reported from vegetation communities globally (Allen et al 2010). Consequently, there is growing interest in being able to predict plant species vulnerability to water limitations from physiological traits such as leaf turgor loss point, to understand potential changes in plant distributions and ecosystem structure (Bartlett et al 2014;Maréchaux et al 2015;Mitchell and O'Grady 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leaf water potential at zero turgor, or the turgor loss point (Ψ tlp ), is increasingly being used as a functional trait for determining drought tolerance (Bartlett et al 2012b;Bartlett et al 2014;Sack et al 2003). Ecologically, Ψ tlp has been shown to be strongly correlated with water availability both within and across biomes (Bartlett et al 2012b) and species from drier sites typically have lower Ψ tlp (Lenz et al 2006;Merchant et al 2007;Mitchell and O'Grady 2015). Physiologically, plants with lower Ψ tlp generally show greater tolerances to lower water potentials (Blackman et al 2010) as plants with a lower Ψ tlp can maintain leaf turgor and therefore maintain metabolic function, stomatal conductance and growth at lower soil water contents (SWC) (Kramer and Boyer 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the turgor loss point characterize drought response in dryland plants?

Farrell

Szota

Arndt

2017

Plant Cell & Environment

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The water potential at turgor loss point (Ψ ) has been suggested as a key functional trait for determining plant drought tolerance, because of its close relationship with stomatal closure. Ψ may indicate drought tolerance as plants, which maintain gas exchange at lower midday water potentials as soil water availability declines also have lower Ψ . We evaluated 17 species from seasonally dry habitats, representing a range of life-forms, under well-watered and drought conditions, to determine how Ψ relates to stomatal sensitivity (pre-dawn water potential at stomatal closure: Ψg ) and drought strategy (degree of isohydry or anisohydry; ΔΨ between well-watered conditions and stomatal closure). Although Ψg was related to Ψ , Ψg was better related to drought strategy (ΔΨ ). Drought avoiders (isohydric) closed stomata at water potentials higher than their Ψ ; whereas, drought tolerant (anisohydric) species maintained stomatal conductance at lower water potentials than their Ψ and were more dehydration tolerant. There was no significant relationship between Ψ and ΔΨ . While Ψ has been related to biome water availability, we found that Ψ did not relate strongly to stomatal closure or drought strategy, for either drought avoiders or tolerators. We therefore suggest caution in using Ψ to predict vulnerability to drought.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the turgor loss point characterize drought response in dryland plants?

Farrell

Szota

Arndt

2017

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…However, we observed no relationships between climate of origin and either drought tolerance or water use. For example, Mitchell and O'Grady (2015) compiled a database for 174 woody species across a range of temperature and precipitation in Australia and showed that natural habitat water availability (precipitation and temperature) was significantly related to plant drought tolerance, with species from drier and hotter regions having more negative turgor loss points than species from cooler and wetter regions. This is in contrast to previous studies, which have suggested that drought tolerance measures such as turgor loss point, can predict species distribution and mortality (Engelbrecht et al 2007, Bartlett et al 2012.…”

Section: Relationships Between Morphological Traits Water Use and Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between plant drought response, traits, and climate of origin for green roof plant selection

Arndt

Farrell

2018

Ecological Applications

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The ideal species for green or vegetated roofs should have high water use after rainfall to maximize stormwater retention but also survive periods with low water availability in dry substrates. Shrubs have great potential for green roofs because they have higher rates of water use, and many species are also drought tolerant. However, not all shrub species will be suitable and there may be a trade-off between water use and drought tolerance. We conducted a glasshouse experiment to determine the possible trade-offs between shrub water use for stormwater management and their response to drought conditions. We selected 20 shrubs from a wide range of climates of origin, represented by heat moisture index (HMI) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Under well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions, we assessed morphological responses to water availability; evapotranspiration rate (ET) and midday water potential (Ψ ) were used to evaluate species water use and drought response. In response to WD, all 20 shrubs adjusted their morphology and physiology. However, there were no species that simultaneously achieved high rates of water use (high ET) under WW and high drought tolerance (low Ψ ) under WD conditions. Although some species which had high water use under WW conditions could avoid drought stress (high Ψ ). Water use was strongly related to plant biomass, total leaf area, and leaf traits (specific leaf area [SLA] and leaf area ratio [LAR]). Conversely, drought response (Ψ ) was not related to morphological traits. Species' climate of origin was not related to drought response or water use. Drought-avoiding shrubs (high Ψ ) could optimize rainfall reduction on green roofs. Water use was related to biomass, leaf area, and leaf traits; thus, these traits could be used to assist the selection of shrubs for stormwater mitigation on green roofs. The natural distribution of species was not related to their water use or drought response, which suggests that shrubs from less arid climates may be suitable for use on green roofs. Selecting species based on traits and not climate of origin could both improve green roof performance and biodiversity outcomes by expanding the current plant palette.

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“…These responses can vary among plant taxa depending on how they have evolved to deal with drought; taxa that are adapted to frequent droughts may have responses that optimize their survival during drought and recovery and growth afterwards. We focus here on the osmotic potential at turgor loss point (π TLP ), or the wilting point, an ecophysiological trait commonly used to characterize plant drought tolerance (Bartlett, Scoffoni, Ardy, et al, ; Lenz, Wright, & Westoby, ; Mitchell & O'Grady, ). We also measured leaf water potential (Ψ leaf ) to characterize the level of osmotic stress the plants were experiencing, with a lower (more negative) value indicating higher solute concentration and less water in the leaves (Lenz et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling response to water stress in valley oak (Quercus lobata) is shaped by different gene networks across populations

et al. 2019

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Drought is a major stress for plants, creating a strong selection pressure for traits that enable plant growth and survival in dry environments. Many drought responses are conserved species‐wide responses, while others vary among populations distributed across heterogeneous environments. We tested how six populations of the widely distributed California valley oak (Quercus lobata) sampled from contrasting climates would differ in their response to soil drying relative to well‐watered controls in a common environment by measuring ecophysiological traits in 93 individuals and gene expression (RNA‐seq) in 42 individuals. Populations did not differ in their adjustment of turgor loss point during soil drying, suggesting a generalized species‐wide response. Differential expression analysis identified 689 genes with a common response to treatment across populations and 470 genes with population‐specific responses. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified groups of genes with similar expression patterns that may be regulated together (gene modules). Several gene modules responded differently to water stress among populations, suggesting regional differences in gene network regulation. Populations from sites with a high mean annual temperature responded to the imposed water stress with significantly greater changes in gene module expression, indicating that these populations may be locally adapted to respond to drought. We propose that this variation among valley oak populations provides a mechanism for differential tolerance to the increasingly frequent and severe droughts in California.

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Adaptation of Leaf Water Relations to Climatic and Habitat Water Availability

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Does the turgor loss point characterize drought response in dryland plants?

Does the turgor loss point characterize drought response in dryland plants?

Relationships between plant drought response, traits, and climate of origin for green roof plant selection

Seedling response to water stress in valley oak (Quercus lobata) is shaped by different gene networks across populations

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