Adaptation strategies of copepods (superfamily Centropagoidea) in the White Sea (66°N)

Abstract

Seasonal dynamics of major biochemical features were studied for three abundant egg-diapausing copepods Acartia biWlosa, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, in the White Sea (66°N), between June 2002 and September 2002. Dry weight (DW) and prosome length varied from 0.54 g ind ¡1 and 0.163 § 0.012 mm (A. biWlosa, CI) to 9.58 § 0.72 g ind ¡1 and 1.135 § 0.167 mm (C. hamatus, females). C org and N org content reached up to 5.91 § 0.44 and 1.23 § 0.09 g ind ¡1 (C. hamatus, females). Protein and lipid content varied greatly from 31.8 to 67.3% DW and from 8.7 to 42.6% DW, respectively. These species show somewhat diVerent biology compared to species at lower latitudes. The copepods use lipid stores to survive during short-term food shortage (e.g. in autumn) and successfully complete their life cycle. In the isolated White Sea during last post-glacial period, species probably evolved some special biochemical features (especially wax esters presence). Food quality demands and long ice coverage are possible factors limiting early development of species in spring.

Metabolism and foraging strategies of mid‐latitude mesozooplankton during cyanobacterial blooms as revealed by fatty acids, amino acids, and their stable carbon isotopes

“…from other marine systems without cyanobacteria dominance (Helland, Terjesen, & Berg, 2003;Martynova, Graeve, & Bathmann, 2009). from other marine systems without cyanobacteria dominance (Helland, Terjesen, & Berg, 2003;Martynova, Graeve, & Bathmann, 2009).…”

“…The protein content in the UWC mesozooplankton was in a similar range compared to previously measured protein contents in Temora spp. from other marine systems without cyanobacteria dominance (Helland, Terjesen, & Berg, 2003;Martynova, Graeve, & Bathmann, 2009). To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data on the protein content of lipid-rich Paracalanus or Pseudocalanus species, whose protein content was 50% lower than in the T. longicornis-dominated communities (Table 2).…”

Seasonal abundance and feeding patterns of copepods Temora longicornis, Centropages hamatus and Acartia spp. in the White Sea (66°N)

“…a concentration was found for Centropages species population dynamics in the North Sea, Bay of Biscay and the English Channel (Bonnet et al 2007). The lack of food, rather than low temperature, had a significant negative effect on the Temora longicornis copepod moulting rate and lipid/protein body content (Martynova et al 2009). …”

Variability of energy density among mesozooplankton community: New insights in functional diversity to forage fish

“…This species cannot accumulate extensive energy because of its rapid metabolic and functional responses to food limitation (Niehoff et al, 2015). In experimental conditions, T. longicornis exhibited a rapid loss of lipids compared to P. elongatus (Martynova et al, 2009). Moreover, Acartia spp., T. longicornis and C. typicus present high metabolic rates implicating a limited lipid accumulation, and in some cases (when unflavored conditions appear) resting eggs (Arts et al, 2009).…”

“…Centropages typicus  9 Very omnivorous 10 Coastal / Neritic 2, 11 1.4 -2.0 Anomalocera patersonii  12 Carnivorous 4 , omnivorous 13 Neritic/Oceanic 4,13 3.0 -4.1 Calanus helgolandicus  7 Essentially herbivorous 10,17 Oceanic/Neritic 9,19,20 Very omnivorous 3 , Opportunist 21 Coastal 22 1.0 1.3…”