Adaptation to displaced and delayed visual feedback from the hand.

Held, Richard; Efstathiou, Aglaia; Greene, M. Claire

doi:10.1037/h0023868

Cited by 158 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Despite the existence of a large body of psychophysical work, a clear understanding of the kind of information acquired and stored by the nervous system during prism adaptation has only begun to emerge (Cohen 1966;Held et al 1966;Hardt et al 1971;Welch et al 1974;Jakobson and Goodale 1989). Thus, it has been shown that visual feedback is a relevant factor for the onset of the adaptation because introducing a delay between the movement itself and the visual perception of its result reduces the speed at which the accommodation occurs (Kitazawa et al 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Motor Synergies Makes Use of Information on Muscular Load

Fernández-Ruíz¹,

Hall-Haro²,

Dı́az³

et al. 2000

Learn. Mem.

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Prism adaptation, a form of procedural learning, requires the integration of visual and motor information for its proper acquisition. Although the role of the visual feedback has begun to be understood, the nature of the motor information necessary for the development of the adaptation remains unknown. In this work we have tested the idea that modifying the arm load at different stages of the adaptation process, and the ensuing change of motor information perceived by the subjects, would modify the final properties of the adaptation. We trained a set of subjects to throw balls to a target while wearing prism glasses and varied the weight of their arms at different time points during the task. We observed that the acquisition of the adaptation was not affected by the change in load. However, its persistence (i.e., the aftereffect) was reduced when tested under a weight condition different from the training trials. Furthermore, when the training weight conditions were restored later during testing, a second, late aftereffect was unmasked, suggesting that the missing aftereffect did not disappear but had remained latent. Our results show that the internal representation of a motor memory incorporates information about load conditions and that the memory stored under a specific weight condition can be fully retrieved only when the original training condition is restored.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Motor Synergies Makes Use of Information on Muscular Load

Fernández-Ruíz¹,

Hall-Haro²,

Dı́az³

et al. 2000

Learn. Mem.

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show abstract

“…However, various lines of evidence indicate that this solution is subject to severe temporal constraints. Modest additional delays in feedback can significantly slow or attenuate motor learning (Held et al 1966;Held and Durlach 1989;Honda et al 2012;Kitazawa et al 1995;Kitazawa and Yin 2002). For example, Kitazawa et al (1995) estimated that, during prism adaptation, a 50-ms delay of the visual feedback results in a 50% reduction in the learning rate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed feedback during sensorimotor learning selectively disrupts adaptation but not strategy use

Brudner

Kethidi

Graeupner

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurophysiology

114

134

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Brudner SN, Kethidi N, Graeupner D, Ivry RB, Taylor JA. Delayed feedback during sensorimotor learning selectively disrupts adaptation but not strategy use. J Neurophysiol 115: 1499 -1511, 2016. First published January 20, 2016 doi:10.1152/jn.00066.2015.-In sensorimotor adaptation tasks, feedback delays can cause significant reductions in the rate of learning. This constraint is puzzling given that many skilled behaviors have inherently long delays (e.g., hitting a golf ball). One difference in these task domains is that adaptation is primarily driven by error-based feedback, whereas skilled performance may also rely to a large extent on outcome-based feedback. This difference suggests that error-and outcome-based feedback may engage different learning processes, and these processes may be associated with different temporal constraints. We tested this hypothesis in a visuomotor adaptation task. Error feedback was indicated by the terminal position of a cursor, while outcome feedback was indicated by points. In separate groups of participants, the two feedback signals were presented immediately at the end of the movement, after a delay, or with just the error feedback delayed. Participants learned to counter the rotation in a similar manner regardless of feedback delay. However, the aftereffect, an indicator of implicit motor adaptation, was attenuated with delayed error feedback, consistent with the hypothesis that a different learning process supports performance under delay. We tested this by employing a task that dissociates the contribution of explicit strategies and implicit adaptation. We find that explicit aiming strategies contribute to the majority of the learning curve, regardless of delay; however, implicit learning, measured over the course of learning and by aftereffects, was significantly attenuated with delayed error-based feedback. These experiments offer new insight into the temporal constraints associated with different motor learning processes.forward model; internal model; motor adaptation; motor learning; reinforcement learning LEARNING TO LINK ACTIONS with their respective outcomes is necessary for successfully interacting with the world. Feedback delays can present a significant problem in learning actionoutcome associations, yet such delays are ubiquitous in motor control. Feedback from proprioception and vision are inherently delayed because of neural transmission and integration time. Even if these delays are relatively short, the control system faces a significant problem due to potentially destabilizing effects arising from body and environmental dynamics.One prominent solution for handling delayed feedback in the sensorimotor learning literature centers on the idea of an adaptive forward model, a representation that allows the system to anticipate or predict the sensory consequences of an action through sensory-prediction errors (Wolpert and Miall 1996). However, various lines of evidence indicate that this solution is subject to severe temporal constraints. Modest additional delays ...

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“…Hence, at the outset, the operator has not only little information about the remote scene, but also limited means of transmitting timely high fidelity video and other data. Yet, research has shown that tele-operation performance is significantly degraded with delays of as small as 0.4 seconds [10]. This causes operators to lose direct intuitive connection between their control actions and effects at the remote site displayed in the video feedback.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Panoramic Model for Remote Robot Environment Mapping and Predictive Display

Cobzaş¹,

Jägersand²,

Hong³

2005

International Journal of Robotics and Automation

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Robot tele-operation is significantly degraded by delays in the operator visual feedback. We present a cylindrical image-depth model that can be automatically acquired at the remote work site and then used to support both robot localization and predictive display. We present an implementation for a mobile robotics system where synthesized immediate visual feedback replaces the delayed real images. Experimentally we found that a predicted view could be rendered with an geometric viewpoint error of no more than 2.4cm/1.2 degrees in a 100m 2 work scene.

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Adaptation to displaced and delayed visual feedback from the hand.

Cited by 158 publications

References 8 publications

Learning Motor Synergies Makes Use of Information on Muscular Load

Learning Motor Synergies Makes Use of Information on Muscular Load

Delayed feedback during sensorimotor learning selectively disrupts adaptation but not strategy use

A Panoramic Model for Remote Robot Environment Mapping and Predictive Display

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