Adaptive Thermal Management for 3D ICs with Stacked DRAM Caches

Abstract

We describe an adaptive thermal management system for 3D-ICs with stacked DRAM cache memories. We present a detailed analysis of the impact of 3D-IC hotspot aggregation on the refresh behavior of the stacked DRAM-based L3 cache. We also present the consequence of the refresh variation on the overall system performance and cache energy consumption. Our analysis demonstrates that memory intensive applications are influenced more strongly by the DRAM refresh variation. We show that there is an optimal operating point where, with a reduced clock frequency, processor cores would actually recover any performance loss induced by DRAM refresh and at the same time the cache energy consumption could be optimized. We propose a low overhead run-time method that can identify the best CPU frequency modulation factor to cool the system to minimize accelerated refresh rates in the DRAM caches. Our system can provide a customizable trade-off between performance of the processor and energy savings of the memory.

3D die-stacked DRAM thermal management via task allocation and core pipeline control

“…The proposed technique in [14] utilizes analytical models to estimate performance impacts of the memory access behaviors in runtime. In [15], a thermal management technique for 3D-stacked DRAM caches is proposed. The technique proposed in [15] estimates performance impact of the reduced refresh intervals and dynamically adjust frequencies of the CPU in runtime.…”

“…In [15], a thermal management technique for 3D-stacked DRAM caches is proposed. The technique proposed in [15] estimates performance impact of the reduced refresh intervals and dynamically adjust frequencies of the CPU in runtime. In [16], Wide-I/O and LPDDR3 technologies are quantitatively compared and the authors proposed a stacked LPDDR3 architecture which is a compromised one of LPDDR3 and Wide-I/O.…”

The Thermal-Constrained Real-Time Systems Design on Multi-Core Platforms -- An Analytical Approach

“…developing coolant speed control schedules that match the task-assignment and execution speed control strategies [93,88,26,27,81]. The design outcomes are expected to enhance the existing 3D temperature prediction accuracy and response time, and deliver a higher system performance/reliability, etc.…”