Adding Semantics to Electronic Business Documents Exchanged in Collaborative Commerce Relations

Abstract

In order to support the execution of collaborative business processes, trading partners have to exchange electronic business documents. Since each partner has its own systems and culture, they could use different terms and metadata structures to represent their data, even when referring to the same domain of interest. Then, an appropriate approach for defining the semantics of these documents is required to achieve semantic interoperability. To this aim, a number of approaches have been proposed based on the use of a single domain ontology. These approaches imply the imposition of a global meaning of terms, which are used to represent the entities of a domain. This goes in opposition to one of the aims of trading partners, which is to participate in collaborative business processes without losing their autonomy and privacy. In this scenario, it is necessary to define a framework for allowing trading partners to exchange information without imposing a global meaning of it. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed in order to define the semantics of the electronic business documents interchanged between trading partners in a collaborative relationship. This approach is based on the idea of making some domain features, which are generally implicit, explicit in the domain ontologies. An application example of this approach is also presented.

Achieving Semantic Consistency for Multilingual Sentence Representation Using an Explainable Machine Natural Language Parser (MParser)

“…However, if computers in different contexts participate in usercomputer interaction, it will not be easy to achieve a consistent understanding, because an ontology is domain-dependent, preventing it from being understood between heterogeneous document descriptions. (3) Collaborative approaches [17,24] allow participants from different contexts to construct document terms and solve the cross-domain problem, but the document is constrained by a template and lacks flexibility. One issue is that the user still needs a user template to construct the document.…”

“…Current subjects of research on document representations are rule format [25,26], ontology [20,24], XML+Ontology [21], tree/graph [27], and collaborative approach [15,17,28]. First, it is not easy to embed and extract meanings to/from a document automatically.…”

“…Third, it is not easy to maintain semantic consistency between heterogeneous document systems. For example, [24] claims accurate mapping between different ontologies' entities, and [20] requires the similarity computation between keywords in a received document and equivalent terms in a domain-wide ontology. Both approaches hardly reach a trade-off between low computational demand and semantic interoperability.…”

Semantic Interoperability Through a Novel Cross-Context Tabular Document Representation Approach for Smart Cities

“…Third, it is not easy to maintain semantic consistency between heterogeneous information sources. For example, to achieve interoperability, [32] requires precise mapping between entities in different ontologies. However, it is difficult to achieve a hundred percent semantic match between diverse domain-wide ontologies.…”