The state reformation that took place in the 1990s and the technological explosion have led governments to reframe their way of working so as to be able to offer new and better services for citizens. To achieve this goal, major obstacles must be overcome, such as the problem of semantic heterogeneity that leads to more difficult recovery and integration of information from different government sectors. Although in the private sector solutions to this problem through the building of ontologies have already been set out, the characteristics of government itself have led the direct application of these practices to fail. This paper presents a process for building a domain ontology in the public sector from scratch. In addition, it presents the application of this process for building an ontology for the Budgetary Domain of Santa Fe Province (Argentina).

During the last year, approaches that use ontologies, the backbone of the Semantic Web technologies, for different purposes in the assessment domain of e-Learning have emerged. One of these purposes is the use of ontologies as a mean of providing a structure to guide the automated design of assessments. The most of the approaches that deal with this problem have proposed individual ontologies that model only a part of the assessment domain. The main contribution of this paper is an ontology network, called AONet, that conceptualizes the e-assessment domain with the aim of supporting the semi-automatic generation of it. The main advantage of this network is that it is enriched with rules for considering not only technical aspects of an assessment but also pedagogic.

In order to support the execution of collaborative business processes, trading partners have to exchange electronic business documents. Since each partner has its own systems and culture, they could use different terms and metadata structures to represent their data, even when referring to the same domain of interest. Then, an appropriate approach for defining the semantics of these documents is required to achieve semantic interoperability. To this aim, a number of approaches have been proposed based on the use of a single domain ontology. These approaches imply the imposition of a global meaning of terms, which are used to represent the entities of a domain. This goes in opposition to one of the aims of trading partners, which is to participate in collaborative business processes without losing their autonomy and privacy. In this scenario, it is necessary to define a framework for allowing trading partners to exchange information without imposing a global meaning of it. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed in order to define the semantics of the electronic business documents interchanged between trading partners in a collaborative relationship. This approach is based on the idea of making some domain features, which are generally implicit, explicit in the domain ontologies. An application example of this approach is also presented.

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Resumen -Los sistemas de administración de aprendizajes (LMS) han sido desarrollados usando diferentes plataformas y tecnologías. Consecuentemente uno de los principales desafíos es brindar la posibilidad de compartir recursos y componentes de estos sistemas. Con la posibilidad de usar tecnologías semánticas, más específicamente ontologías, se hace más fácil contar con LMS que permitan a los educadores compartir recursos.Principalmente este trabajo aborda el problema de compartir un recurso educativo especial que es la evaluación. En este sentido, se presenta el desarrollo y la implementación de una ontología que permite describir adecuadamente las evaluaciones en contextos de e-learning con el objetivo de facilitar y mejorar el reuso de tales recursos por parte de los profesores, dando soporte a la interoperabilidad de e-evaluaciones y al trabajo colaborativo. Esta ontología está basada en estándares de metadatos para describir objetos de aprendizajes ampliamente usados en la comunidad y en los sistemas de LMS. Palabras clavese-learning; e-evaluacion; ontologia; interoperabilidad; estándar de metadatos, sistemas de administración de aprendizaje, objetos de aprendizajes.Abstract -Learning Management Systems (LMS) were developed with different platforms and technologies. Consequently, sharing learning resources and components has become a major challenge. E-assessment as a primary activity of any learning process is facing the same challenges and problems.