Additive manufacturing-enabled shape transformations via FFF 4D printing

Abishera, R.; Kumar, S.

doi:10.1557/jmr.2018.397

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…After the device is gently removed from the handling wafer, a slight amount of residual water underneath the device layer enables easy, smooth transfer (Figure b). Separately, an ABS film is prepared via ESP of transparent ABS filament (PLASIL, source material: LG Chem, ABS HI121H) through a heated nozzle (diameter: 0.4 mm; 230 °C) onto a glass substrate (120 °C) with a 3D printer (Sprout, Former's Farm) by the fused deposition method (the distance of the nozzle from the glass substrate = 0.1 mm and the ESP speed (υ ESP ) = 30 mm s −1 ) (Figure c); the ABS film prepared via ESP has residual stress due to the alignment of polymer chains . We note that the nozzle temperature was set to be the highest temperature within the feasible range (200–230 °C according to the datasheet from LG Chem) to obtain a film surface that is as smooth as possible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because patterning via ESP on a stress‐free film generally induces residual shear stress and because transformation of the film is possible through an annealing process above the glass transition temperature ( T g ). The shape can be controlled by adjusting various parameters, such as the nozzle temperature, printing speed, printing pattern, porosity, and geometric dimensions (e.g., length, width, and thickness) . To the best of our knowledge, transformation examples at the electronics level via the indirect method have not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automatic Transformation of Membrane‐Type Electronic Devices into Complex 3D Structures via Extrusion Shear Printing and Thermal Relaxation of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Frameworks

Jang

Yoo

Kang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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This work demonstrates a means of automatic transformation from planar electronic devices to desirable 3D forms. The method uses a spatially designed thermoplastic framework created via extrusion shear printing of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) on a stress-free ABS film, which can be laminated to a membrane-type electronic device layer. Thermal annealing above the glass transition temperature allows stress relaxation in the printed polymer chains, resulting in an overall shape transformation of the framework. In addition, the significant reduction in the Young's modulus and the ability of the polymer chains to reflow in the rubbery state release the stress concentration in the electronic device layer, which can be positioned outside the neutral mechanical plane. Electrical analyses and mechanical simulations of a membrane-type Au electrode and indium gallium zinc oxide transistor arrays before and after transformation confirm the versatility of this method for developing 3D electronic devices based on planar forms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Transformation of Membrane‐Type Electronic Devices into Complex 3D Structures via Extrusion Shear Printing and Thermal Relaxation of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Frameworks

Jang

Yoo

Kang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Rajkumar et al [ 48 ] reported the mechanisms that promote the thermally actuated shape-transformation in polylactic acid (PLA), high-impact-polystyrene (HIPS), and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). Single-layer strips of different thermoplastics were tested at different speeds to assess the influence of printing speed on the shrinkage strain, and it was observed that higher printing speeds promote poor print quality.…”

Section: Shape Memory Effect In Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review

et al. 2021

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process through which components/structures are produced layer-by-layer. In this context, 4D printing combines 3D printing with time so that this combination results in additively manufactured components that respond to external stimuli and, consequently, change their shape/volume or modify their mechanical properties. Therefore, 4D printing uses shape-memory materials that react to external stimuli such as pH, humidity, and temperature. Among the possible materials with shape memory effect (SME), the most suitable for additive manufacturing are shape memory polymers (SMPs). However, due to their weaknesses, shape memory polymer compounds (SMPCs) prove to be an effective alternative. On the other hand, out of all the additive manufacturing techniques, the most widely used is fused filament fabrication (FFF). In this context, the present paper aims to critically review all studies related to the mechanical properties of 4D-FFF materials. The paper provides an update state of the art showing the potential of 4D-FFF printing for different engineering applications, maintaining the focus on the structural integrity of the final structure/component.

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“…It is an emerging technology where structures are printed layer by layer with the help of computer-aided design (CAD) models. Popular AM techniques include fused filament fabrication (FFF) [4,[10][11][12][13], selective laser sintering (SLS) [14,15], digital light processing (DLP) [16][17][18] and stereolithography (SLA) [19][20][21][22][23][24]. FFF has several advantages including simplicity of operation, lower cost of fabrication compared to conventional methods, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential work of fracture assessment of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) processed via fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing

Verma

Ubaid

Schiffer

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Experiments and finite element (FE) calculations were performed to study the raster angle–dependent fracture behaviour of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM). The fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS were characterized based on the concept of essential work of fracture (EWF), utilizing double-edge-notched tension (DENT) specimens considering rectilinear infill patterns with different raster angles (0°, 90° and + 45/− 45°). The measurements showed that the resistance to fracture initiation of 3D-printed ABS specimens is substantially higher for the printing direction perpendicular to the crack plane (0° raster angle) as compared to that of the samples wherein the printing direction is parallel to the crack (90° raster angle), reporting EWF values of 7.24 kJ m−2 and 3.61 kJ m−2, respectively. A relatively high EWF value was also reported for the specimens with + 45/− 45° raster angle (7.40 kJ m−2). Strain field analysis performed via digital image correlation showed that connected plastic zones existed in the ligaments of the DENT specimens prior to the onset of fracture, and this was corroborated by SEM fractography which showed that fracture proceeded by a ductile mechanism involving void growth and coalescence followed by drawing and ductile tearing of fibrils. It was further shown that the raster angle–dependent strength and fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy by a relatively simple FE model considering the anisotropic elasticity and failure properties of FFF specimens. The findings of this study offer guidelines for fracture-resistant design of AM-enabled thermoplastics. Graphical abstract

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Additive manufacturing-enabled shape transformations via FFF 4D printing

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 72 publications

References 41 publications

Automatic Transformation of Membrane‐Type Electronic Devices into Complex 3D Structures via Extrusion Shear Printing and Thermal Relaxation of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Frameworks

Automatic Transformation of Membrane‐Type Electronic Devices into Complex 3D Structures via Extrusion Shear Printing and Thermal Relaxation of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Frameworks

Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review

Essential work of fracture assessment of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) processed via fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing

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