Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Functional Bone Tissue Engineering: Lessons from Bone Mechanobiology

Surveillance of Stem Cell Fate and Function: A System for Assessing Cell Survival and Collagen ExpressionIn Situ

“…[3][4][5] Adipose tissue contains an abundant source of multipotent adult stem cells termed ''adipose-derived stromal cells'' (ASCs), which hold an enormous potential for skeletal regenerative medicine. 2,6,7 Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have also shown a great promise as a cellular source for therapy despite limitations, such as donor site morbidity following bone marrow harvest. 8,9 Additionally, the transplantation and differentiation of osteoblasts from pluripotent stem cells have shown to be a potentially viable clinical strategy for bone regeneration.…”

Review of biophysical factors affecting osteogenic differentiation of human adult adipose-derived stem cells

“…The circulatory system also produces pulsatile or oscillating fluid flow acting on bone cells, imposing shear stress. Studies (including microgravity experiments) have demonstrated that mechanical forces are important for maintaining bone (Bodle et al 2011). Clinically, tensile strain is used for bone engineering in distraction osteogenesis, a surgical procedure used to grow bone by creating a fracture between two bone segments, then moving the segments slowly apart from each other.…”

“…Even when considering strategies for the rather specific purpose of bone engineering with cells derived from human fat, there are several parameters for influencing the osteogenic differentiation; for instance, media formulation (Lindroos et al 2010;Lund et al 2009), oxygen tension (He et al 2010), harvest location, and sex of donor (Aksu et al 2008) have all been reported to have an effect on the osteogenic potential of ASCs. The method of isolation (Bodle et al 2011), choice of chemical osteoinduction formula (Kroeze et al 2011), and method chosen for characterizing the osteogenic response may help to explain the observed difficulty developing a unified view point. Because of the dynamic nature of the osteogenic process, timing of assessment of osteogenic differentiation is an important factor.…”

Bone and Cartilage from Stem Cells: Growth Optimalization and Stabilization of Cell Phenotypes

“…During the past 10-12 years, many other stem cell sources with osteogenic potential have been isolated, including blood, adipose tissue, lung, synovium, skeletal muscle and tooth pulp (for review, (Barry and Murphy 2004;Logeart-Avramoglou, Anagnostou et al 2005;Gordeladze, Reseland et al 2009;Bodle, Hanson et al 2011;Levi and Longaker 2011;Witkowska-Zimny and Walenko 2011)). However, it seems that adipose stem cells (ASCs), provided that they are similar to MSCs in terms of surface receptor molecule profile (STRO-1, CD34, CD45, CD117 negative; CD44, CD49 CD29, CD90, CD105, CD106 positive) (Logeart-Avramoglou, Anagnostou et al 2005;Niemeyer, Krause et al 2006), may serve as a good source for bone engineering (Bodle, Hanson et al 2011;Levi and Longaker 2011;Monaco, Bionaz et al 2011).…”

“…However, it seems that adipose stem cells (ASCs), provided that they are similar to MSCs in terms of surface receptor molecule profile (STRO-1, CD34, CD45, CD117 negative; CD44, CD49 CD29, CD90, CD105, CD106 positive) (Logeart-Avramoglou, Anagnostou et al 2005;Niemeyer, Krause et al 2006), may serve as a good source for bone engineering (Bodle, Hanson et al 2011;Levi and Longaker 2011;Monaco, Bionaz et al 2011). Irrespective of whether the source encompasses MSCs or ASCs, it seems that "proper" osteoblasts may be obtained if incubation conditions (i.e.…”