Adsorption behaviour of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-dinitroanisole and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one on commercial activated carbons

Abstract

42 at 20 o C [1] 276 at 25 o C [2] 16636 at 25 o C [3] Oral LD50 (mg.kg -1 ) 100 [4] 199 [5] >5000 [6] Disassociation Coefficient (Kd)

A review of treatment methods for insensitive high explosive contaminated wastewater

“…There are multiple types of contamination present in LAP wastewater resulting from different water usage in the plant. Activities include maintaining a steady temperature at the point of filling, wash-down of equipment between formulations and of finished munitions and steam washout of defective munitions so the shell body can be reused (Felt et al, 2013). Grit and metal particulates can be picked up during the wash-down process and carried to water storage tanks in addition to energetic materials in dissolved or solid form from the wash-down process.…”

“…The volume and contamination of wastewater depends greatly on the size and type of the explosive facility producing it. Large explosive LAP facilities can produce over 90,000 L per day of wastewater at high concentrations; IHE wastewater has been measured at 34 mg.L À1 of RDX, 137 mg.L À1 of DNAN and 1413 mg.L À1 of NTO (Felt et al, 2013). The biological oxygen demand (BOD) measured in IHE wastewater is typically very low or at the point of non-detection (Felt et al, 2013).…”

“…Large explosive LAP facilities can produce over 90,000 L per day of wastewater at high concentrations; IHE wastewater has been measured at 34 mg.L À1 of RDX, 137 mg.L À1 of DNAN and 1413 mg.L À1 of NTO (Felt et al, 2013). The biological oxygen demand (BOD) measured in IHE wastewater is typically very low or at the point of non-detection (Felt et al, 2013). The pH is also low, typically around 3, due to the dissolved NTO in the solution (Felt et al, 2013).…”

“…The biological oxygen demand (BOD) measured in IHE wastewater is typically very low or at the point of non-detection (Felt et al, 2013). The pH is also low, typically around 3, due to the dissolved NTO in the solution (Felt et al, 2013). Smaller production facilities can produce as little as 100 L per quarter depending on the frequency of composition changes.…”

Adsorption of dicamba and MCPA onto MIL-53(Al) metal–organic framework: response surface methodology and artificial neural network model studies

“…8 Hence, it is crucial to apply appropriate treatment techniques that can efficiently and effectively remove these contaminants from water. 9,10 Over the years, methods such as adsorption, coagulation, occulation, ion exchange, membrane ltration, and chemical oxidation 11 have been applied to remove recalcitrant herbicides from water. Of these methods, adsorption has been singled out to be the most practical due to its cost-effectiveness, simple operations, convenient recycling and availability.…”