Adsorption of cadmium in vegetable sponge (Luffa cylindrica)

Abstract

The use of biomass as an adsorbent material follows the principles of sustainability and Green Chemistry. Given the low cost, high abundance, easy availability and high adsorption capacity of the vegetable sponge (Luffa cylindrica), this study aimed to explore the adsorption process of the toxic metal cadmium (Cd). The parameters evaluated were pH, contact time, adsorption isotherms, thermodynamic parameters, percolation and desorption. The proposed method showed high retention of Cd ions, being 99.80% at pH 5.0 for the percolation method, more effective than with stirring, which had 89.6%. It is noteworthy that the vegetable sponge adsorbs significant amounts of Cd in the range of pH 4.0 to 6.0, indicating that is not necessary to adjust pH for most treatments in real samples. The Cd ion is spontaneous and favorably adsorbed by this material, according to the Freundlich isotherm model. According to the obtained results, it is feasible to use vegetable sponge as a material for the remediation of effluents due to high retention of Cd ions.Keywords: green chemistry, sustainability, toxic metal. Adsorção de cádmio em esponja vegetal (Luffa cylindrica) RESUMOO uso da biomassa como material adsorvente segue os princípios da sustentabilidade e da Química Verde. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o processo de adsorção de cádmio (Cd) em esponja vegetal (Luffa cylindrica), em função de seu baixo custo, alta abundância, fácil disponibilidade e alta capacidade de adsorção. Neste estudo foram avaliados o pH, o tempo de contato, as isotermas de adsorção, os parâmetros termodinâmicos, a percolação e a dessorção. O método proposto mostrou elevada taxa de retenção de íons Cd na superfície da esponja vegetal, sendo de 99,80 % a um pH de 5,0 para o método de percolação que foi mais eficaz do que por agitação com 89,6 % de adsorção. A esponja vegetal adsorve quantidades significativas de Cd no intervalo de pH de 4,0 a 6,0, o que indica não ser necessário ajustar o pH para a maioria dos tratamentos em amostras reais. De acordo com o modelo de isoterma de Freundlich, a adsorção do íon Cd no material adsorvente estudado é

Textile wastewater heavy metal removal using Luffa cylindrica activated carbon: an ANN and ANFIS predictive model evaluation

“…Several researchers have reported adsorption using LAC to be effective in heavy metals removal from industrial effluents; thus, the removal of Pb 2+ in water, removal of divalent metals, methylene blue dye, cyanide ions, cadmium ions, common laboratory dye and adsorption of brilliant green from aqueous solutions have been reported by Adewuyi and Pereira (2017), Oboh et al (2011), Demir et al (2008), Arana et al (2017), Lindino et al (2014), Calciedo et al (2018 and Segun et al (2014). Furthermore, Nwosu-obieogu et al (2021) reported iron (II) adsorption from textile wastewater using LAC.…”

Biosorption of chromium (VI) from textile waste water using luffa cylindrica activated carbon

“…Oboh (2018) reported on the physical properties of luffa cylindrica bisorbent, the specific surface area (BET (m 2 /g), total surface area (m 2 /g), pore diameter range and bulk density (g/cm 3 ) were determined as 0.28, 1.1895, 1051.309204 to 0.003577, and 0.34, respectively, it signified that the surface area is low, with pore diameter and bulk density values in concordance with those found in typical mesoporous materials. A few researchers have reported the use of luffa cylindrica as an adsorbent in removing heavy metal, the removal of Pb 2+ in water (Adewuyi & Pereira, 2017), removal of divalent metals (Oboh, Aluyor, & Audu, 2011), methylene blue dye (Demir, Top, Balko¨se, & lku, 2008), cyanide ions (Arana, González, Navarrete, & Caicedo, 2017), nickel ions (Oboh, 2018), cadmium ions (Lindino, Marciniak, Gonçalves, & Strey, 2014), common laboratory dyes (Caicedo et al, 2018), and adsorption of brilliant green (Segun Esan et al., 2014) from aqueous solutions. Hence, this study presents the use of luffa cylindrica as a potential, environmentally friendly, and low‐cost adsorbent for the remediation of Cr (VI) from textile wastewater.…”

Lead adsorption and subsequent gasification with Pinus elliottii waste

“…Some examples of the application of biomass in the adsorption of heavy metals can be found in lead and copper adsorption of pine cone at pH 5.0 (Awad and Erkurt, 2014), in lead removal by pine bark (Montes-Atenas and Schroeder, 2015; Cutillas-Barreiro et al , 2014), or using kelps (Feng and Aldrich, 2004) and vegetable sponge (Lindino et al , 2014).…”