Adsorptive Separation of Brilliant Green Dye from Water by Tartaric Acid-Treated Holarrhena antidysenterica and Citrullus colocynthis Biowaste

Abstract

Holarrhena antidysenterica (Ha) and Citrullus colocynthis (Cc) biowaste from indigenous Pakistan resources was used to remove toxic brilliant green (BG) dye from aqueous solutions in a batch mode. Tartaric acid chemical modification gave promising results than the nonmodified forms of biowaste. Surface characterization was carried out by FT-IR and SEM. The optimum conditions for (BG) dye elimination by Ha-tartaric acid modified (Ha-Ta) were 1.8 g, 45 minutes, 4.0 pH; 40°C, and 100 rpm and with Cc-tartaric acid modified (Cc-Ta) were 1.6 g, 45 minutes, 6.0 pH; 40°C, and 150 rpm dye solution shaking rate, which gave optimum results. Equilibrium data of raw and chemically modified biowaste followed the Langmuir model indicating monolayer chemisorption. Qmax values were found to be 55.24 mg/g, 112.35 mg/g, 50.50 mg/g, and 79.36 mg/g for Ha, Ha-Ta, Cc, and Cc-Ta. Kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Dye removal involved surface and intraparticle mode of diffusion. Thermodynamic studies proved the process to be spontaneous and exothermic one. The adsorbents can be effectively utilized for the removal of toxic basic dyes, such as BG from wastewaters.

Isothermal and Kinetic Investigation of Exploring the Potential of Citric Acid-Treated Trapa natans and Citrullus lanatus Peels for Biosorptive Removal of Brilliant Green Dye from Water

“…Citric acid breaks and decreases the cellulose crystallinity of lignocellulosic biomass, resulting in increased porosity and surface area of TNP and CLP [66]. Total emplacement sites on the biosorbent surface can be increased by providing additional functional groups during the chemical treatment with suitable modifying agents [67,68]. us, the surface of adsorbents favors more electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions with the cationic molecules of BGD due to the presence of a lot of negatively active binding sites.…”

“…Citric acid also breaks and decreases the cellulose crystallinity of lignocellulosic biomass, resulting in an increase in the porosity and surface area of TNP and CLP [66]. Total emplacement sites on the biosorbent surface can be increased by providing additional functional groups during the chemical treatment with suitable modifying agents [67,68].…”

Removal of Brilliant Green Dye from Water Using Ficus benghalensis Tree Leaves as an Efficient Biosorbent

“…Each of the aforementioned procedures has its advantages and disadvantages. Among them, adsorption on solid surfaces is gaining popularity due to its easy maintenance, low-cost operation, and large-scale application [ 24 ]. A common adsorbent is activated carbon because of its high surface area and adsorption capacity [ 25 ].…”

Chemical Modification of Teff Straw Biomass for Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) from Aqueous Solution: Characterization, Optimization, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Aspects

“…Synthetic adsorbents like zeolites, silica gel, alumina, concrete, and polymers also have high production costs and less adsorption capacity than biosorbents obtained from biomass sources [11, 12]. Various researchers have given special attention to biosorbents from agricultural and industrial residue due to high porosity and their availability in large quantities at low cost [1, 2, 13].…”

“…Effluents from tannery industries are among the problematic environmental issues faced by the Ethiopian manufacturing sector. Tannery effluents have been reported to contain a high amount of heavy metals such as chromium and organic pollutants [1, 2, 8].…”