Adult Stem Cell Therapy in Chronic Wound Healing

Abstract

Normal wound healing is a dynamic and complex process involving coordinated interactions between diverse immunological and biological systems. If a wound does not heal in an orderly and timely sequence, or if the healing process does not result in structural integrity, then the wound is considered chronic. It is easy to define a chronic wound, but finding a solution is a complicated matter. Conventional treatment of chronic wounds does not seem to work in several cases, so it is necessary to develop different strategies. Cell therapy constitutes a new alternative to classic methods of wound healing. In this bibliographic review, we present some of the data published up to date on the use of adipose tissue-and bone-marrow-derived Mesenchymal stem cells in patients with chronic wounds caused by several pathologies. Even though cell therapy is a relatively new tool, several studies prove these types of cells may be used safely, and they have demonstrated their efficacy in healing wounds in several cases.

Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Seeded Hydrogels Increase Endogenous Progenitor Cell Recruitment and Neovascularization in Wounds

“…These results have implications for the treatment of chronic wounds as BM-MPCs not only promote neovascularization but also produce antiinflammatory cytokines that have the potential to advance chronic wounds past the chronic low-grade inflammation typically associated with poorly healing diabetic ulcers. [35][36][37] Several methods have previously been used to recruit endogenous progenitor cells, including injection of cytokines involved in stem cell homing, such as SDF or HGF, and gene therapy. 32,38 Polymeric hydrogels seeded with stem cells, however, display several advantages over these methods.…”

Advanced Therapeutic Dressings for Effective Wound Healing—A Review

“…Different cell types and methods can be employed in the stem cell therapy for wound healing and Branski et al have provided a detailed outline of these technologies. Bone marrow‐derived stem cells (BMSCs) are probably the most studied marrow‐derived stem cells (MSCs), and several clinical studies have demonstrated their usefulness in wound healing . However, bone marrow harvesting is an invasive and painful procedure and some pathologic conditions (e.g., severe burn trauma, sepsis, silver sulfadiazine toxicity, or old age) can reduce the BMSCs availability …”

“…Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) are probably the most studied marrow-derived stem cells (MSCs), and several clinical studies have demonstrated their usefulness in wound healing. 228,229 However, bone marrow harvesting is an invasive and painful procedure and some pathologic conditions (e.g., severe burn trauma, sepsis, silver sulfadiazine toxicity, or old age) can reduce the BMSCs availability. 227 Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are considered an interesting alternative to BMSCs for wound healing application because they express a similar array of cytokines and GFs and can be easily isolated from sections of whole fat (biopsy) or lipoaspirate, which means a less aggressive and painful harvesting procedure.…”

Adhesive Hemostatic Conducting Injectable Composite Hydrogels with Sustained Drug Release and Photothermal Antibacterial Activity to Promote Full‐Thickness Skin Regeneration During Wound Healing

“…[1,2] Once the damage of skin tissue occurs, the repair process appears to be very complex, [3][4][5] which includes four interactive and classic phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling/maturation. [6] Although most skin defect can be quickly and effectively healed within 1 or 2 weeks, [7,8] the extensive full-thickness wounds are often hard to repair, which presents serious impact on health and even threaten people's life. [9] Therefore, a variety of biomaterials have been developed as wound dressings, such as nanofibers, sponge, foam, and hydrogels.…”