Advanced magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological assessment for detecting brain injury in a prospective cohort of university amateur boxers

Hart, Michael G; Housden, CR; Suckling, John; Tait, Roger; Young, Adam M. H.; Müller, Ulrich; Newcombe, Virginia; Jalloh, Ibrahim; Pearson, B; Cross, Justin; Ra, Trivedi; Pickard, John D.; Sahakian, Barbara J.; Hutchinson, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.026

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Contrary to a recent study by Hart et al (Hart et al, 2017), this study found lower cortical thickness in the right cuneus in impaired boxers. Our findings are in agreement with a couple of studies with mTBI participants (Govindarajan et al, 2016;Santhanam et al, 2019) where cortical thinning in cuneus has been reported due to mTBI.…”

Section: 1: Cortical Thickness and Its Role In Rhicontrasting

confidence: 99%

Towards Understanding Comprehensive Morphometric Changes and Its Correlation with Cognition and Exposure to Fighting in Active Professional Boxers

Mishra

Zhuang

Sreenivasan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Professional athletes exposed to repetitive head impacts are at increased risk for developing a progressive neurological syndrome known as traumatic encephalopathy syndrome and neuropathology seen on autopsy called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The early identification of individuals at increased risk for CTE is important and the search for biomarkers is underway. In this study, we utilized data from a large cohort study to compare differences in regional brain volumes, cortical thickness, voxel-based morphometric (VBM)-derived measures, and graph-theoretical measures derived from large-scale topographical maps in active professional boxers. We compared the above morphometric measures between active professional boxers with low cognitive scores (impaired boxers) and active professional boxers with intact cognitive scores (nonimpaired boxers). The cognitive scores were evaluated through neuropsychological evaluation. As an exploratory analysis, we also examined the power of various machine-learning algorithms to identify impaired and nonimpaired boxers using both group-level regression-driven analysis and previously identified hypothesis-driven cortical thickness and volumetric measures. We found significant group-level differences between impaired and nonimpaired boxers in cortical thickness in a single brain region (right precuneus), differences in VBM-derived gray matter density encompassing the caudate, putamen, and thalamus; and white matter density encompassing the right paracentral lobule, but no differences in any graph-theoretical network properties. Additionally, we found that a priori hypothesis-driven T1-derived cortical thickness and volumetric analysis performed better than traditional regression-based analysis. Overall, this study suggests that neuroanatomical differences exist between impaired and nonimpaired active professional boxers, and that hypothesis-driven techniques are likely necessary to become reliable biomarkers.

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Section: 1: Cortical Thickness and Its Role In Rhicontrasting

confidence: 99%

Towards Understanding Comprehensive Morphometric Changes and Its Correlation with Cognition and Exposure to Fighting in Active Professional Boxers

Mishra

Zhuang

Sreenivasan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The study by Hart et al. (35) also found no statistical differences in DTI-derived FA and MD values using TBSS between control and university amateur boxers. Thus, the present study suggested the MK parameter was more sensitive than DTI parameters including FA and MD parameters in detecting brain microstructural changes after mTBI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Cognitive impairment in mild traumatic brain injury: a diffusion kurtosis imaging and volumetric study

Wang

Wei

et al. 2021

Acta Radiol

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Background A significant number of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) would experience cognitive deficit. Purpose To investigate the brain structural changes in sub-acute mTBI by diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and volumetric analysis, and to assess the relationship between brain structural changes and cognitive functions. Material and Methods A total of 23 patients with sub-acute mTBI and 24 control participants were recruited. All the participants underwent examinations of neuropsychological tests, DKI, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based morphological scans. Images were investigated using whole brain-based analysis and further regions of interest-based analysis for subcortical nuclei. The neuropsychological tests were compared between the mTBI and the control group. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between gray matter (GM) volume, DKI parameters, and cognitive functions. Results Compared with control participants, mTBI patients performed worse in the domains of verbal memory, attention and executive function ( P < 0.05). No regional GM volume differences were observed between the mTBI and control groups ( P > 0.05). Using DKI, patients with mTBI showed lower mean kurtosis (MK) in widespread white matter (WM) regions and several subcortical nuclei ( P < 0.05), and higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the right pallidum ( P < 0.05). Lower MK value of multiple WM regions and several subcortical nuclei correlated with cognitive impairment ( P < 0.05). Conclusion DKI was sensitive in detecting brain microstructural changes in patients with sub-acute mTBI showing lower MK value in widespread WM regions and several subcortical nuclei, which were statistically associated with cognitive deficits.

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“…No obstante, respecto a los cambios cognoscitivos asociados a la práctica del boxeo aficionado existe controversia. Algunos estudios señalan que hay evidencia de disfunción en procesos cognitivos: atención, memoria de trabajo y tiempos de reacción (Hart et al, 2017;Roozbahani, 2015;Warden et al, 2001), por el contrario, otros estudios señalan que no existen alteraciones neuropsicológicas en tareas que evalúan la atención sostenida, atención selectiva, memoria, resolución de problemas y tiempos de reacción (Khani et al, 2012;Lesiakowski et al, 2013;Stojsih et al, 2010). Es posible que estas contradicciones puedan deberse a varios factores entre los que se encuentran el hecho de que las disfunciones no son detectables con los instrumentos utilizados, a que los estudios no se han centrado en procesos cognitivos que pudiesen estar comprometidos, como es el caso de las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE), a que no se ha controlado algunas variable como el tiempo de práctica del boxeo, el peso, edad de los boxeadores, y otros factores que se sabe son protectores contra el daño cerebral como es el nivel educativo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Diferencias en el funcionamiento ejecutivo en boxeadores universitarios amateurscon distintos niveles de experiencia y categoría de peso

Cortés

Bernal

Villalva-Sánchez³

et al. 2023

Cuad. psicol. deporte

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Boxing is a popular sport that involves repetitive blows to the head, which may cause disturbances in brain function. Although there is evidence of brain damage caused by professional boxing, controversy remains about the possible risks in amateur boxing. The aim of this study was to analyze whether there are differences in executive functioning in amateur college boxers based on their level of experience in sports practice and their interaction with category/ weight. Method: 24 mexican amateur boxers participated, grouped into novice and experienced and by their weight category (light and médium). The neuropsychological battery of executive functions and frontal lobes BANFE-2 (Flores-Lázaro et al., 2014) was used. Results: a MANOVA was performed, the multivariate contrasts indicate that there are differences in the interaction of the dependent variables, according to the level of experience F (4,17) = 3.75, p = .023, ηp2 = .469, 1- β = .56. In particular, the tasks in which significative differences are observed are those that assess inhibitory control (stroop) and risk-benefit decision-making (card game), processes that are associated with the functioning of the orbito-medial prefrontal cortex. The findings suggest that the evaluation of executive functioning can be a useful tool to demonstrate functional changes in amateur boxers El boxeo es un deporte popular que implica golpes repetitivos a la cabeza, los cuales podrían producir alteraciones en el funcionamiento cerebral. Aunque existe evidencia del daño cerebral causado por la práctica del boxeo a nivel profesional, permanece la controversia sobre los posibles riesgos en el boxeo aficionado. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar si existen diferencias en el funcionamiento ejecutivo en boxeadores amateur universitarios en función de su nivel de experiencia en la práctica deportiva y su interacción con la categoría/peso. Método: Participaron mexicanos amateurs agrupados en novatos y experimentados y por su categoría de peso en ligero y medio. Se utilizó la Batería Neuropsicológica de Funciones Ejecutivas y Lóbulos Frontales BANFE-2 (Flores-Lázaro et al., 2014). Resultados: se realizó un MANOVA, los contrastes multivariados indican que hay diferencias en la interacción de las variables dependientes, de acuerdo con el nivel de experiencia F (4,17) = 3.75, p = .023, ηp2 = .469, 1-β=.56. En particular, las tareas en que se observan diferencias significativas son aquellas que evalúan el control inhibitorio (stroop) y la toma de decisiones de riesgo beneficio (juego de cartas), procesos que se encuentran asociados al funcionamiento de la corteza prefrontal orbito medial.Los hallazgos sugieren que la evaluación del funcionamiento ejecutivo puede ser una herramienta útil para evidenciar cambios funcionales en boxeadores amateur. O boxe é um desporto popular que envolve golpes repetitivos na cabeça dos atletas, o que pode causar distúrbios nas funções cerebrais. Embora hajam evidências de danos cerebrais causados pelo boxe profissional, a controvérsia permanece sobre os possíveis riscos no boxe amador. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar se existiam diferenças no funcionamento executivo de atletas de boxe amador de nível universitário com base no nível de experiência, na prática desportiva e na interação com a categoria / peso. Método: participaram 24 boxeadores amadores, agrupados em novatos e experientes e por categoria de peso leve e médio. Foi utilizada a Bateria Neuropsicológica de Funções Executivas e Lobos Frontais BANFE-2 (Flores-Lázaro et al., 2014). Resultados: foi realizada uma MANOVA, e os contrastes multivariados indicaram que existiram diferenças na interação das variáveis dependentes, de acordo com o nível de experiência F (4,17) = 3,75, p = 0,023, ηp2 = 0,469, 1- β = 0,56. Em particular, as tarefas em que se observaram diferenças são aquelas que avaliam o controlo inibitório (stroop) e a tomada de decisão risco-benefício (jogo de cartas), processos que estão associados ao funcionamento do córtex pré-frontal órbito-medial. Os resultados sugerem que a avaliação do funcionamento executivo pode ser uma ferramenta útil para demonstrar mudanças funcionais em atletas de boxe amador.

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Advanced magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological assessment for detecting brain injury in a prospective cohort of university amateur boxers

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Towards Understanding Comprehensive Morphometric Changes and Its Correlation with Cognition and Exposure to Fighting in Active Professional Boxers

Towards Understanding Comprehensive Morphometric Changes and Its Correlation with Cognition and Exposure to Fighting in Active Professional Boxers

Cognitive impairment in mild traumatic brain injury: a diffusion kurtosis imaging and volumetric study

Diferencias en el funcionamiento ejecutivo en boxeadores universitarios amateurscon distintos niveles de experiencia y categoría de peso

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