“…At the same time, Al, Ce, Ti, Zr, Cr, Ga, and V additives prevent deactivation and sintering of iron oxide during repeated redox cycles. Some recent studies on developing novel and efficient oxygen carrier materials for chemicalloop applications highlight the special interest of spinel oxides [18,26,68,69,72,73,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90], which can be explained by their thermodynamic stability, which allows them to re-obtain the initial oxidized spinel phase upon redox cycling and increase the stability of the looping material.…”