ADVANCES IN APOCYNACEAE: THE ENLIGHTENMENT, AN INTRODUCTION¹

Phylogenetic relationships among genera of danaine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) as implied by morphology and DNA sequences

“…Endress et al, 2007) are actually used by milkweed butterflies (Boppré & LiedeSchumann, unpubl.). Due to under-recording (records available for less than 50% of species), plant misidentifications, and changes in plant taxonomy (cf.…”

Systematics ofPrestonia(Apocynaceae: Apocynoids: Echiteae) 80 Years After Woodson

“…Endress and Bruyns (2000) recognized five subfamilies: Rauvolfioideae and Apocynoideae from the traditional Apocynaceae, and Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae, and Asclepiadoideae from the traditional Asclepiadaceae. Since then a number of phylogenetic studies have contributed to the resolution of relationships at the tribal, subtribal, or generic level, which has led to the reorganization or description of tribes and subtribes and the synonymization of several genera (e.g., Meve & Liede, 2004;Simões et al, 2004Simões et al, , 2006Simões et al, , 2010Liede-Schumann et al, 2005;Rapini et al, 2006Rapini et al, , 2011Endress & Hansen, 2007;Endress et al, 2007aEndress et al, , 2007bLivshultz et al, 2007;Silva et al, 2012;Khanum et al, 2016;Meve et al, 2017;Morales et al, 2017). Despite these advances, many groups are still unresolved or the resolution is too low to accurately define their relationships.…”

An up-to-date familial and suprafamilial classification of succulent plants

“…The broadened concept of Apocynaceae s.l. is widely accepted today (e.g., Endress & Stevens, 2001;Endress, 2002;Endress et al, 2007). Endress et al (2007) recognize five subfamilies: Rauvolfioideae (here belongs Plumeria), Apocynoideae (= Apocynaceae s.s.), Periplocoideae (as traditionally circumscribed), Secamonoideae (no succulents), and Asclepiadoideae (= Asclepiadaceae s.s.).…”