Advances in nanotechnology for sustainable aquaculture and fisheries

Abstract

In recent years, aquaculture is considered a fastest‐blooming global food industry, playing a crucial role in fulfilling the increased demand for animal protein requirements. However, disease prevalence, chemical contamination, environmental degradation and ineffective feed utilization are the factors that drastically hinder the outcome of this sector in aiding to achieve global food security. In this regard, new avenues have been paved in science and technology to cope with these challenges in aquaculture. Among these, nanotechnology has emerged a tremendous potential to improve aquaculture with novel nanotools. This review critically analyses the advances in the application of nanoparticles and emulsion‐based systems to fish disease prevention, water purification and delivery of nutrients. On the other hand, as the use of antibiotics and other chemical antimicrobial agents, synthetic compounds as growth enhancers not only leads to aquaculture pollution but also consumer's reluctance. Therefore, the importance of ecofriendly, non‐toxic natural strategies to promote sustainable aquaculture has also been highlighted.

Nanoemulsions with oleoresin of Copaifera reticulata (Leguminosae) improve anthelmintic efficacy in the control of monogenean parasites when compared to oleoresin without nanoformulation

“…Nanotechnology has been the focus of aquaculture research due to the need of effective delivery systems for certain phytotherapeutic agents (Luis et al, 2019; Shah & Mraz, 2019). The most recent approach to the control and treatment of monogenean infections relies on plant‐derived phytotherapeutics to prepare nanoemulsions.…”

“…Therefore, C. macropomum showed tolerance to all nanoemulsion concentrations, which were low when compared to the concentrations of the C. reticulata oleoresin without nanoformulation. Nanoemulsions are advantageous because they improve bioavailability, solubility and biological accessibility of phytotherapeutics (Luis et al, 2019; Shah & Mraz, 2019), while having low toxicity to the fish. The anthelmintic efficacy of the C. reticulata oleoresin was notably inhibited by poor water solubility, which reduces bioavailability.…”

“…Nanotechnology is an emerging technology with applications in industrial aquaculture, having the potential to enhance production and ultimately contribute to global food security (Luis, Campos, Oliveira, & Fraceto, 2019; Shah & Mraz, 2019; Valentim et al, 2018a, 2018b). Nanobiotechnology is among the recent advancements of nanotechnology and is used specifically in the treatment of diseases in aquaculture (Luis et al, 2019; Pimentel‐Acosta et al, 2019; Shah & Mraz, 2019). Hence, nanotechnology can reduce economic losses caused by mass mortality in commercial aquaculture.…”

“…Chemical products are widely used to control diseases in aquaculture due to their efficacy, but can be toxic to other organisms and humans and can accumulate in the environment (Shah & Mraz, 2019; Valentim et al, 2018a, 2018b). As such, the management of parasites and diseases requires development of effective and eco‐friendly alternatives.…”

Diphenyl diselenide‐loaded nanocapsules in silver catfish feed enhance growth, improve muscle antioxidant/oxidant status and increase selenium deposition: Advantages of nanotechnology for fish health

“…Despite the positive properties of Ph 2 Se 2 , its use in the fish industry has been hampered by its inability to enhance growth. For these reasons, strategies to adapt Ph 2 Se 2 for use as a growth promotor should be explored, including the use of nanotechnology (Luis, Campos, de Oliveira, & Fraceto, 2019; Shah & Mraz, 2019).…”