Advances in Operational Processing at the International Data Centre

Mialle, Pierrick; Brown, David; Arora, Neha; Idc, colleagues from

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75140-5_6

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For automatically processing continuous waveform data of all infrasound stations, the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation (PMCC) method (Cansi, 1995;Le Pichon and Cansi, 2003) is utilized. This array-processing algorithm proved to be efficient for detecting coherent low-amplitude acoustic waves within incoherent noise as PMCC is routinely used for processing the IMS infrasound data at the IDC (Mialle et al, 2019). PMCC analyses the waveform data in successive, overlapping time windows and predefined frequency bands.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Monitoring System infrasound data products for atmospheric studies and civilian applications

Hupe

Ceranna

Pichon

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. The International Monitoring System (IMS) has been established since the late 1990s for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The IMS is supposed to detect any explosion of at least 1 kt of TNT equivalent underground, underwater, and in the atmosphere. Upon completion, monitoring the Earth’s atmosphere for low-frequency pressure waves will be realized using up to 60 infrasound stations distributed over the globe. Acoustic waves in the infrasound range (between around 0.01 and 20 Hz) can efficiently propagate over long distances, subject to the winds near the stratopause at around 50 km. Therefore, infrasound observations of repeating or persistent sources have been suggested for probing the winds in the middle atmosphere, where numerical weather prediction models suffer from the lack of continuous observation technologies for data assimilation. One type of repetitive source is active volcanoes. In turn, this natural hazard for civil security can be monitored using infrasound, and first prototypes of applications for the release of early volcanic eruption warnings have been established. However, access to raw infrasound data or products of the IMS is limited to specific user groups, which might hinder the utilization of infrasound observations. In this study, we present advanced infrasound data products for atmospheric studies and civilian applications. For this purpose, 18 years of raw infrasound data (2003–2020) were reprocessed using the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation method. A one-third octave frequency band configuration between 0.01 and 4 Hz was chosen for running this array-processing algorithm, which detects coherent infrasound waves within the background noise. From the comprehensive detection lists, each four products for 53 IMS infrasound stations were derived. The four products cover different frequency ranges and are provided at different temporal resolutions: a very low frequency set (0.02–0.07 Hz, 30 min; https://doi.org/10.25928/bgrseis_bblf-ifsd, Hupe et al., 2021a), two so-called microbarom frequency sets – covering both the lower (0.15–0.35 Hz, 15 min; https://doi.org/10.25928/bgrseis_mblf-ifsd, Hupe et al., 2021b) and a higher (0.45–0.65 Hz, 15 min; https://doi.org/10.25928/bgrseis_mbhf-ifsd, Hupe et al., 2021c) part – named after the dominant ambient noise of interacting ocean waves that is quasi-continuously detected at IMS stations, and observations with center frequencies of 1 to 3 Hz (5 min), called the high frequency product (https://doi.org/10.25928/bgrseis_bbhf-ifsd, Hupe et al., 2021d). Within these frequency ranges and time windows, the signals from the most dominant directions in terms of number of arrivals are summarized. Along with several detection parameters, calculated quantities for assessing the relative quality of the products are provided. The validity of the data products is demonstrated by diving into examples of recent events that produced infrasound detected at IMS infrasound stations, as well as a global assessment.

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Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Monitoring System infrasound data products for atmospheric studies and civilian applications

Hupe

Ceranna

Pichon

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…For example, Guilbert (Guilbert et al 2005) wrote a paper in which he proposed a rupture extent of the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake based on PMCC array processing at H08S Diego Garcia station. Currently, DTK-PMCC is the operational detector used to process infrasound data at the International Data Center (Mialle et al 2019). DTK-PMCC (command line detector) and DTK-GPMCC software (Graphical User Interface which allows to configure, run the detector and interactively browse the results) is developed by the French National Data Center (CEA/DASE) and is made available by CTBTO to State Members through the NIAB (NDC-In-A-Box) project (Becker et al 2015).…”

Section: Array Processing: Dtk-pmcc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Hydroacoustic Signals Associated to the Loss of the Argentinian ARA San Juan Submarine

Vergoz

Cansi

Cano

et al. 2021

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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On November 15, 2017, an event related to the disappearance of the Argentine military submarine ARA San Juan was detected by two hydrophone triplet stations of the IMS network, established to enforce the nuclear test ban treaty (CTBT). From the two direct hydroacoustic arrivals recorded at 6000 and 8000 km from the localized wreckage, calculated location based on hydroacoustic data only is poorly constrained, and the associated uncertainties are large. In an attempt to interpret the recorded signals, an air dropped calibration grenade was conducted by the Argentine Navy two weeks later, on December 1, 2017, near the last known position of the submarine. From the comparison of temporal and spectral features of both events, we confirm the impulsive nature of the San Juan event. Array processing was performed with a progressive multi-channel correlation method (PMCC). Fine propagation details of direct arrivals are very well resolved in time-frequency space and thirteen secondary arrivals are revealed for the San Juan event, within the fifteen minutes following direct arrivals. The detections presented in this paper were calculated with DTK-PMCC software embedded in the NDC-In-A-Box virtual machine, and can be reproduced by any CTBTO principal user (Member State user which can access raw waveform data and data bulletins). All the identified late arrivals are associated to reflections or refractions from seamounts, islands and the South American continental Slope. The accurate identification of all the reflectors allows to significantly improve the source location accuracy: 95% confidence ellipse area has been reduced by a factor of 100 compared to location obtained from direct arrivals only, and the estimated location is 3.5 km from the known location of the wreckage. The originality of the relocation method is that it is based on the joint inversion of both San Juan and calibration events unknown parameters, and from the selection of only a well-chosen subset of secondary arrivals. Its calculation did not require either the need of advanced oceanographic specifications, or sophisticated methods requiring heavy computational means. Finally, a detailed cepstral analysis of the direct and secondary arrivals has allowed to detect the existence of a second impulse (doublet) in the signals associated to both San Juan and calibration events. Unlike the calibration event, the anisotropic character of the delays measured from the San Juan cepstra suggests that the 15 November signal was generated by two impulsive acoustic sources closely separated in space and time over scales comparable to the size of the submarine. This study demonstrates the capability of the hydroacoustic component of the IMS network to accomplish its mission of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty monitoring.

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“…Pixels with similar wavefront characteristics are grouped into pixel "families." The PMCC method is the signal detector in use for infrasound array data processing by the International Data Center (IDC) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and a similar but different method (DFX-HASE, or Hydroacoustic Azimuth and Slowness Estimator) has been used for IDC hydroacoustic data processing (Mialle et al 2019). Therefore, in preliminary work, we tested the PMCC method using published eruption case studies (2010 South Sarigan; Green et al 2013) to calibrate the PMCC parameter selection for IMS hydroacoustic array data (Rose 2020).…”

Section: Array Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote hydroacoustic-infrasonic detection and characterization of Anak Krakatau eruptive activity leading to, during, and following the December 2018 flank collapse and tsunami

Rose

Matoza

2021

Bull Volcanol

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A climactic eruption phase on December 22, 2018, triggered the collapse of the southwest flank and summit of Anak Krakatau stratovolcano, generating a tsunami which struck the coastlines of Sumatra and Java. We employ a selection of remote moored hydroacoustic (H08S, 3307 km; H01W, 3720 km) and infrasonic (IS06, 1156 km; IS07, 3475 km; IS52, 3638 km) stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS) to investigate eruptive activity preceding, during, and after the climactic eruption phase. We observe 6 months of co-eruptive intermittent infrasound at IS06 and powerful infrasound from the climactic eruption on IS06 and IS52. The climactic eruption phase was not detected hydroacoustically, but we observe a ~ 12-day swarm of hydroacoustic signals beginning 24 days before the flank collapse event that we attribute to sustained submarine eruptive activity at Anak Krakatau. We perform hydroacoustic waveform and envelope multiplet analysis to assess event similarity during the hydroacoustic swarm. Hydroacoustic waveforms are not well-correlated, but envelopes with a main pulse duration of ~ 20-s are correlated, with 88.7% of 247 events grouping into two multiplets using a threshold correlation coefficient of 0.75. The repetitive envelopes indicate a repetitive impulsive volcanic process, either underwater submarine explosions or volcanic earthquakes in the solid Earth coupled to the water column from the Sunda Shelf. This study further underscores the potential of remote acoustic technology for detecting and characterizing eruptions at submarine or partially submerged volcanoes.

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Advances in Operational Processing at the International Data Centre

Cited by 36 publications

References 45 publications

International Monitoring System infrasound data products for atmospheric studies and civilian applications

International Monitoring System infrasound data products for atmospheric studies and civilian applications

Analysis of Hydroacoustic Signals Associated to the Loss of the Argentinian ARA San Juan Submarine

Remote hydroacoustic-infrasonic detection and characterization of Anak Krakatau eruptive activity leading to, during, and following the December 2018 flank collapse and tsunami

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