Advances in Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Hu, Xin; Zhu, Ning; Guo, Kai

doi:10.1155/2019/7971683

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…However, metal-catalyzed ATRP suffers from trace metal contamination of the polymer products, which restricts its application in biomedical and electronic fields . Particular interest has recently been received by organocatalyzed photoredox ATRP (photo-ATRP), − which eliminates transition-metal contamination. Additionally, photo-ATRP displays unique advantages of spatial and temporal controllability, mild reaction conditions, and facile processes that use readily accessible light sources or even sunlight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In oxidative quenching-type photo-ATRP, − photocatalysts (PCs) first reach excited states upon photoexcitation, and these excited states possess stronger redox power than molecules in their ground states. The excited PCs then undergo electron transfer to reduce the alkyl halide initiator, generating carbon-centered radicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoredox Organocatalysts with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Visible-Light-Driven Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

et al. 2021

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Photoredox catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) has emerged as a fundamental and powerful polymerization method. Herein we report a class of facilely synthesized N-aryl phenoxazines that serves as highly efficient visible-light-driven photoredox organocatalysts. The strategy of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) was introduced with the organocatalysts by constructing an orthogonally linked D–A molecular configuration. The offset between the lowest singlet S1 and lowest triplet T1 excited states (ΔE ST) is less than 0.30 eV in TADF molecules. The small ΔE ST (<0.1 eV) and the long-lived excited states (>0.1 μs) of the organocatalysts were confirmed by theoretical and experimental studies. The combination of a strong electron donor and weak electron acceptors endows the molecules with high-lying HOMOs and LUMOs, which provide a sufficiently negative excited state reduction potential E 0(PC•+/PC*) of ca. −1.5 V. The catalysts were applied in the photo-ATRP of methyl methacrylate using ethyl α-bromophenylacetate as the initiator under white-light irradiation. The photo-ATRP was successfully conducted with catalyst loadings as low as 30 ppm. The monomer scope was expanded to benzyl methacrylate (BnMA) and acrylate butyl methacrylate (BMA). Finally, the block polymer P(MMA-b-BnMA) was synthesized, demonstrating the high chain-end fidelity of the polymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoredox Organocatalysts with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Visible-Light-Driven Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

et al. 2021

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“…Recently, controlled radical polymerization (CRP) methods, such as nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) [7,8], atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [9,10], and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer-mediated polymerization (RAFT) [11,12], have been developed to the synthesis of well-defined polymers. The advantages of CRP lie in the fact that it would offer a better control of the molar mass and molar mass distribution over the conventional methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAFT Copolymerization of Styrene and Maleic Anhydride with Addition of Ascorbic Acid at Ambient Temperature

Luo

Cheng

et al. 2020

Advances in Polymer Technology

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A novel method for RAFT copolymerization of styrene (St) and maleic anhydride (MAh) at ambient temperature using ascorbic acid (Asc) as an initiator is reported. Various experimental conditions including reaction component, monomer composition, the amount of Asc, and temperature were investigated in terms of monomer conversion, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution. In this system, the copolymer of styrene/maleic anhydride (SMA) with well-regulated molecular weight and low molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn=1.30) was obtained, and the conversion of monomer was 70.4% after 12 hours at 25°C. The NMR spectra demonstrated that the copolymer synthesized possesses a strictly alternating structure. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism adapted to the RAFT copolymerization of St and MAh initiated by Asc at ambient temperature is presented. Using this new methodology, it is possible to achieve well-defined SMA under mild conditions by RAFT copolymerization.

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“…Free radical polymerization is a kind of reaction in which monomers are activated into active free radicals by light, heat, radiation, and initiator, and then polymers are formed by chain polymerization. It plays an extremely important role in polymer chemistry and has been widely used for massive polymer production in industry [ 46 ]. As shown in Figure 5 , three series of graft copolymers PTh-g-PAU were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a P3HT copolymer macroinitiator (PMI) [ 47 ].…”

Section: Synthetic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsically Elastic Organic Semiconductors (IEOSs)

Liu

Hou

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Elastic semiconductors are becoming more and more important to the development of flexible wearable electronic devices, which can be prepared by structural engineering design, blending, and the intrinsic elastification of organic semiconductors (intrinsically elastic organic semiconductor, IEOS). Compared with the elastic semiconductors prepared by structural engineering and blending, the IEOS prepared by organic synthesis has attracted numerous attentions for its solution processability and highly tunable chemical structures. For IEOSs, reasonable designs of synthetic routes and methods are the basis for realizing good mechanical and electrical properties. This brief review begins with a concise introduction of elastic semiconductors, then follows with several synthetic methods of IEOSs, and concludes the characteristics of each method, which provides guidance for the synthesis of IEOSs in the future. Furthermore, the properties of IEOSs are involved from the aspects of electrical, mechanical properties, and the applications of the IEOSs in elastic electronic devices. Finally, the challenge and an outlook which IEOSs are facing are presented in conclusion.

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Advances in Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Photoredox Organocatalysts with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Visible-Light-Driven Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Photoredox Organocatalysts with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Visible-Light-Driven Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

RAFT Copolymerization of Styrene and Maleic Anhydride with Addition of Ascorbic Acid at Ambient Temperature

Intrinsically Elastic Organic Semiconductors (IEOSs)

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