Advances in research on Cordyceps militaris degeneration

Lou, Haiwei; Lin, Jizhen; Guo, Li‐Qiong; Wang, Xinwei; Tian, Shuangqi; Liu, Chenxi; Zhao, Yu; Zhao, Renyong

doi:10.1007/s00253-019-10074-z

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Although C. militaris is a heterothallic ascomycetous fungus, it can still produce fruiting bodies without an opposite mating-type partner [33]. Previous studies have also shown that the mating-type is not the decisive factor for the production of C. militaris fruiting bodies [34,35]. Therefore, it is necessary to study the key genes involved in the formation of C. militaris fruiting bodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cmfhp Gene Mediates Fruiting Body Development and Carotenoid Production in Cordyceps militaris

et al. 2020

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Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies contain a variety of bioactive components that are beneficial to the human body. However, the low yield of fruiting bodies and the low carotenoid content in C. militaris have seriously hindered the development of the C. militaris industry. To elucidate the developmental mechanism of the fruiting bodies of C. militaris and the biosynthesis mechanism of carotenoids, the function of the flavohemoprotein-like Cmfhp gene of C. militaris was identified for the first time. The Cmfhp gene was knocked out by the split-marker method, and the targeted gene deletion mutant ΔCmfhp was obtained. An increased nitric oxide (NO) content, no fruiting body production, decreased carotenoid content, and reduced conidial production were found in the mutant ΔCmfhp. These characteristics were restored when the Cmfhp gene expression cassette was complemented into the ΔCmfhp strain by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. Nonetheless, the Cmfhp gene had no significant effect on the mycelial growth rate of C. militaris. These results indicated that the Cmfhp gene regulated the biosynthesis of NO and carotenoids, the development of fruiting bodies, and the formation of conidia. These findings potentially pave the way to reveal the developmental mechanism of fruiting bodies and the biosynthesis mechanism of carotenoids in C. militaris.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cmfhp Gene Mediates Fruiting Body Development and Carotenoid Production in Cordyceps militaris

et al. 2020

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“…Also, some chemical components from a few species of mushrooms including golden needle mushroom 27 and Agaricus blazei 28 were reported to possess strong anti-inflammatory activity in burned rats, suggesting a possible candidate to be a promoting agent of the burn wound healing. In the present study, cordycepin isolated from C. militaris, which is a species of fungus in the family Cordycipitaceae 29 , was used to investigate its therapeutic effects in the esophageal caustic burns in a rat model. The esophagus sections from rats receiving the cordycepin treatment following the induction of caustic burn revealed a more normal morphology than those of untreated rats and even those of prednisolone treated rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cordycepin prevents the esophageal stricture formation in the alkali-burn rat model by exerting anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects

et al. 2021

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Purpose To investigate the efficacy of cordycepin, an adenosine analogue, on prevention of esophageal damage and stricture formation due to esophageal caustic burns in rat model comparing with prednisolone. Methods Caustic esophageal burn was introduced by 37.5% of NaOH to distal esophagus. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were divided in four groups: sham rats undergone laparotomy, treated with 0.9% NaCl; control rats injured with NaOH without cordycepin treatment; cordycepin group injured with NaOH, treated with 20 mg/kg cordycepin; prednisolone group injured with NaOH, treated with 1 mg/kg prednisolone for 28 days. Efficacy was assessed by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of esophageal tissues. Results Cordycepin treatment significantly decreased inflammation, granulation tissue and fibrous tissue formation and prevented formation of esophageal strictures shown by histopathological damage score and stenosis indexes compared to control group (p < 0.01). These effects are relatively more substantial than prednisolone, probably based on attenuation of elevation of proinflammatory cytokines hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1?), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?), proliferative and fibrotic factor fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) (p < 0.05). Conclusions The findings suggest that cordycepin has a complex multifactorial healing process in alkali-burned tissue, more successful than prednisolone in preventing the formation of esophageal strictures and may be used as a therapeutic agent in the acute phase of esophageal alkali-burn.

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“…Compared to Ophiocordyceps sinensis , another medicinal fungus belonging to the genus Cordyceps , C. militaris is much easier to cultivate ( Wu et al, 2020 ). Industrialized cultivation and fermentation of C. militaris have been successfully realized ( Lou H. et al, 2019 ). Therefore, the market price of C. militaris is far lower than that of O. sinensis ( Yin et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different cultivation methods lead to different levels of cordycepin ( Dong et al, 2014 ; Guo et al, 2016 ). In addition to the nutrient content of the culture medium, environmental factors substantially affect the synthesis of cordycepin ( Wang et al, 2017 ; Lou H. et al, 2019 ; Suparmin et al, 2019 ). It is essential to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of these environmental factors for large-scale industrial production of high-quality C. militaris fruiting bodies and mycelia ( Dong et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Hypoxia Adaption Causes Distinct Effects on Growth and Bioactive Compounds Synthesis in an Entomopathogenic Fungus Cordyceps militaris

et al. 2021

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Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic fungus producing a variety of bioactive compounds. To meet the huge demand for medicinal and edible products, industrialized fermentation of mycelia and cultivation of stromata have been widely developed in China. The content of bioactive metabolites of C. militaris, such as cordycepin, is higher when cultivated on silkworm pupae than on rice or in broth. However, compared with other cultivation methods, C. militaris grows more slowly and accumulates less biomass. The hypoxic environment in pupa hemocoel is one of environmental factor which is not existed in other cultivation methods. It is suggested that hypoxia plays an important role on the growth and the synthesis of bioactive compounds in C. militaris. Here, we demonstrated that the distinct effects on the growth and synthesis of bioactive compounds employing different strategies of improving hypoxia adaption. The introduction of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin enhanced growth, biomass accumulation, and crude polysaccharides content of C. militaris. However, cordycepin production was decreased to 9–15% of the control group. Meanwhile, the yield of adenosine was increased significantly. Nonetheless, when the predicted bHLH transcription factor of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) was overexpressed in C. militaris to improve the hypoxia adaption of fungal cells, cordycepin content was significantly increased more than two-fold. These findings reveal the role of SREBPs on growth and bioactive compounds synthesis. And it also provides a scientific basis for rationally engineering strains and optimization strategies of air supply in cultivation and fermentation.

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Advances in research on Cordyceps militaris degeneration

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Cmfhp Gene Mediates Fruiting Body Development and Carotenoid Production in Cordyceps militaris

Cmfhp Gene Mediates Fruiting Body Development and Carotenoid Production in Cordyceps militaris

Cordycepin prevents the esophageal stricture formation in the alkali-burn rat model by exerting anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects

Improving Hypoxia Adaption Causes Distinct Effects on Growth and Bioactive Compounds Synthesis in an Entomopathogenic Fungus Cordyceps militaris

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