Advantages and Disadvantages of Healthcare Waste Treatment and Disposal Alternatives: Malaysian Scenario

Ghasemi, Maryam Khadem; Yusuff, Rosnah Mohd

doi:10.15244/pjoes/59322

Cited by 60 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The advantages and disadvantages of five biomedical treatment technologies are summarized as follows [34]: 1-Landfilling: it is one of the oldest methods for biomedical waste disposal in undeveloped countries. However, biomedical waste landfilling includes some serious disadvantages such as the contamination of soil and water, the spreading of pathogens, and high GHG emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Sterilization Process for Inactivation of Bacillus Stearothermophilus in Biomedical Waste and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Yaman

2020

Applied Sciences

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This study investigated the biomedical waste collection, transportation, and treatment activities in the city of Kocaeli, Turkey. As an alternative to incineration technology, a steam autoclave was used to sterilize the biomedical waste. Information regarding the collection, transportation, treatment and associated greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) were also investigated. Prior to sterilization, biological indicator vials containing Bacillus stearothermophilus were placed in the center of the load to ensure that the pathogens were destroyed. GHG emissions were calculated based on the fuel consumed by the biomedical waste collection vehicles and the electricity/natural gas used at the sterilization plant. Results of this work revealed that the total biomedical waste generated per year increased from 1362 tons in 2009 to 2375 tons in 2019. The amount of biomedical waste generated per hospital bed was determined as 1.19 kg.bed−1.day−1. Results show that for efficient sterilization of biomedical wastes, the steam treatment system process should be operated at a contact time of 45 min, a temperature of 150 °C, and at a steam pressure of 5 bar. Biological indicator tests showed that the number of living Bacillus stearothermophilus decreased significantly, with removal rates greater than 6log10. Finally, it was determined that the biomedical waste management activities generated a total of GHG emissions of 5573 ton CO2 equivalency (tCO2-e) from 2009 to 2019. Furthermore, the average global warming factor (GWF) was calculated to be 0.269 tCO2-e per ton of biomedical waste generated. This study showed that the sterilization process is very effective in destroying the pathogens and the management of biomedical waste generates considerable amounts of GHG emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Sterilization Process for Inactivation of Bacillus Stearothermophilus in Biomedical Waste and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Yaman

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…Other researchers have analyzed the technologies available for the treatment of MW. For example, M. K. Ghasemi and R. B. M. Yusuff [15], summarize the treatment methods available in Malaysia, describing the advantages and disadvantages of their application; C. Jiang et al [16], specify the need to update and optimize waste incineration plants; and B. K. Lee et al [17], present some alternatives for the treatment of MW, in order to reduce costs for its elimination.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yusuff [15]. Among others, the following were assessed: state of the facilities, biosafety conditions, emergency exits, state of hydrants; as well as the activities carried [32], A. Peña-Álvarez and A. Castillo-Alanís [33].…”

Section: Capture and Collection Of Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis Of Hospital, Hazardous and Similar Waste Management of an Institution Providing Health Services – IPHS

et al. 2020

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Introduction: This article presents the results of the research carried out from January 2018 to December 2019, in an institution providing third-level health services (IPHS), located in Tunja (Boyacá), in eastern central Colombia. Problem: There are various difficulties related to the management of waste produced by the IPHS; Irresponsible practices cause the spread of infections, which have repercussions in critical situations locally, regionally and internationally. Objective: To evaluate the management of hospital, hazardous and similar waste (HCWM), carried out by an IPHS, and to formulate strategies for its improvement. Methodology: The research was carried out in three (3) stages: data collection (through inspections and weighing of waste), data analysis (for the qualification and quantification of the waste), and finally, some guidelines for its proper management were proposed, based on the context of the organization. Results: The IPHS generated 397.6 tonnes of hospital, hazardous and similar waste (MW). Biohazard waste (BW) predominated over the others (54.11%), followed by usable non-hazardous waste - UNHW (41.53%) and chemical and pharmaceutical waste - CPW (4, 37%). Conclusion: The entity complies with the main requirements of the national government, identifying good utilization and biosecurity practices; however, under diagnosis and with the implementation of guidelines emanating from research, it is possible to optimize procedures. Originality: The guidelines and activities for the separation, use and internal collection of waste within an IPHS were observed and then interrelated with the services provided and their resources. This work could be a guideline for related institutions. Limitations: The article focuses on the internal and non-external management of MW.

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“…[13]. Some microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, and viruses, etc., are often found in sewage water in an appreciable amount, which may cause a threat to community health [14]. A large quantity of sewage and other effluents released from urban areas and use of this WW in agricultural and other purposes depends on its contamination level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Trickling Filter-Based Wastewater Treatment System Utilizing Cotton Sticks as Filter Media

Aslam¹,

Khan²,

Sultan³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The need of wastewater (WW) treatment is increasing along with the production of WW and its disposal without treatment. With a smaller footprint, ease of operation, and relatively less cost, trickling filter (TF) wastewater treatment systems have been considered to be more adoptable for domestic and industrial WW treatment in underdeveloped and/or developing countries -particularly for Asia and Africa. A relatively lowcost and operationally effective TF wastewater treatment system was developed using farm waste cotton sticks as biofilm support media. During the operation of the TF system, flow rates vary from 1.7 to 4.6 m 3 /hr. The attained removal efficiency for BOD (biological oxygen demand) was 69-78% and for chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 65-80%. The solids removal in TF system was 38-56% for total suspended solids (TSS) and 20-36% for total dissolved solids (TDS). Other aggregates such as turbidity and color removal were 32-54% and 25-42%, respectively. Four to five months of trouble-free operation of the developed TF system indicated the robustness and reliability of the system. Cotton sticks appeared to be a degradation-resistant alternative filter media for the TF system. Moreover, it is useful for reducing potential impacts of WW re-use at the farm level. Treated effluents through the TF system can be re-used as an irrigation water supplement in under-developed and/or developing countries.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Healthcare Waste Treatment and Disposal Alternatives: Malaysian Scenario

Cited by 60 publications

References 44 publications

Application of Sterilization Process for Inactivation of Bacillus Stearothermophilus in Biomedical Waste and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Application of Sterilization Process for Inactivation of Bacillus Stearothermophilus in Biomedical Waste and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Diagnosis Of Hospital, Hazardous and Similar Waste Management of an Institution Providing Health Services – IPHS

Performance Evaluation of Trickling Filter-Based Wastewater Treatment System Utilizing Cotton Sticks as Filter Media

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