Aeolianite and barrier dune construction spanning the last two glacial–interglacial cycles from the southern Cape coast, South Africa

Bateman, Mark D.; Holmes, Peter J.; Carr, Andrew S.; Horton, Benjamin P.; Jaiswal, Manoj K.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.02.001

Cited by 120 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…On the contrary, dune formation is expected during sea regression and transgression (coastline movement in general provided there is an exposed shelf) and exposure of the submerged sandy coastal areas in front of the sites (Bateman et al, 2004). Erosional or stasis events do not contribute in the statigraphic formation of the LBSR sequence but they do contribute in part of the overlying aeolian sand dominated sequence.…”

Section: Most Of the Geogenic Microfacies Appear In All Strataggs Butmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting human behavior from depositional rates and combustion features through the study of sedimentary microfacies at site Pinnacle Point 5-6, South Africa

Karkanas

Brown

Fisher

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

146

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, C. W. (2015). Interpreting human behavior from depositional rates and combustion features through the study of sedimentary microfacies at site Pinnacle Point 5-6, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution, 85 1-21.Interpreting human behavior from depositional rates and combustion features through the study of sedimentary microfacies at site Pinnacle Point 5-6, South Africa AbstractUsing fine and coarse resolution geoarchaeological studies at the Middle Stone Age site of PP5-6 at Pinnacle Point, Mossel Bay, South Africa, we discovered different patterns of anthropogenic input and changes in behavior through time. Through the microfacies approach, we documented the various geogenic and anthropogenic processes that formed the deposits of the site. By deciphering large scale rate differences in the production of these microfacies we estimated anthropogenic input rates and therefore gained understanding of occupational duration and intensity.The PP5-6 sediments document occupations characterized by small groups and short visits during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. This part of the sequence is characterized by numerous single (and mostly intact) hearth structures in a roofspall-rich matrix. During this time the sea was very close to the site and the people were focused on exploiting the rocky shores. With the advent of the glacial conditions of MIS4, the occupation of the site became much more intense. The occurrence of thick palimpsests of burnt remains, sometimes disturbed by small-scale sedimentary gravity processes, supports this conclusion. As sea level dropped and the coastline retreated, the geogenic input shifted to predominately aeolian sediments, implying an exposed shelf probably associated with a rich but more distant coastal environment. The occupants of PP5-6 turned their preference to silcrete as a raw material and they began to make microlithic stone tools. Since sites dating to MIS4 are abundant in the Cape, we suggest that populations during MIS4 responded to glacial conditions with either demographic stability or growth as well as technological change. Abstract: Using simultaneously fine and coarse resolution geoarchaeological studies of the deposits of the Middle Stone Age site of PP5-6 at Pinnacle Point, Mossel Bay, South Africa, we were able to reveal different patterns of anthropogenic input and behavior and how these changed through time. Through the microfacies approach using micromorphology we documented the various geogenic and anthropogenic processes that formed the deposits of the site. By deciphering large scale rate differences in the production of these microfacies we estimated anthropogenic input rates and therefore gained understanding of occupational duration and intensity.The PP5-6 sediments document occupations characterized by small groups and short visits during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. This part of the sequence is characterized by numerous single and mostly intact hearth structures in a roofspall-rich matrix. During this time the sea was very close to the site and the peop...

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Section: Most Of the Geogenic Microfacies Appear In All Strataggs Butmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting human behavior from depositional rates and combustion features through the study of sedimentary microfacies at site Pinnacle Point 5-6, South Africa

Karkanas

Brown

Fisher

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

146

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“…Eustatic changes are frequently cited as being the primary control on dune accumulation: dune formation has been correlated with sea level rises (e.g., White and Curran, 1988;Kindler and Mazzolini, 2001;Catto et al, 2002;Arbogast et al, 2002) and falls (e.g., Rodriguez-Ramirez et al, 1996;Pereira and Angelucci, 2004), as well as with sea level fluctuation during interstadials (e.g., Bateman et al, 2004) and sea level still-stands (e.g., Mastronuzzi and Sansó, 2002). Brooke (2001) found a positive correlation between aeolianite formation and high sea level during interglacial stages, but also cited examples of aeolianites' contemporaneity with glacial climatic stages (e.g., in Australia).…”

Section: Variables Controlling Aeolianite Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aeolianites are coastal dunes composed of sand with high biogenic carbonate contents, corresponding to material reworked from shallow marine sediments (Fairbridge and Johnson, 1978;Brooke, 2001;Price et al, 2001). Usually, the carbonate content in the aeolianites is more than 50% of the total weight of the sediment (e.g., Pereira and Angelucci, 2004;Bateman et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene sea level fluctuations and coastal evolution in the central Algarve (southern Portugal)

et al. 2007

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In Armação de Pêra Bay, southern Portugal, environmental changes during the Holocene can be interpreted based on the morphological and sedimentological similarities between older geomorphic features (cemented beach and dune rocks) and present coastal features. Using knowledge of the present beach and dune processes, we propose a two-step model for the evolution of Armação de Pêra Bay. First, during the rapid sea level rise between about 8 800 and 6 600 yr cal BP, the bay changed from a positive to a negative budget littoral cell and transgressive dunes formed, favoured by drought conditions. At about 5 000 yr cal BP, during a sea level maximum, beach width was less than the critical fetch and dunes stabilized and underwent cementation during the wetter Atlantic climatic event. The second phase of dune accumulation started at about 3 200 yr cal BP, due to a regression of sea level during which the bay changed back to a positive budget littoral cell in which beach width was greater than the critical fetch. Currently, the beach width is less than the critical fetch, dunes are inactive, and the sedimentary budget is negative due to sediment storage in local river systems.

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“…Aeolianite-palaeosol-sand sequences, which are characteristic of low latitude, siliciclastic shallow shelf and coastal areas, reflect this dynamic interaction between accommodation space, sediment supply and climate changes (Hearty et al, 2007;Brooke et al, 2003;Bateman et al, 2004;Zazo et al, 2005;Faust et al, 2015). Consequently, detailed chronostratigraphic study can potentially reveal changes in the environmental conditions during the Quaternary (Huntley et al, 1993(Huntley et al, , 1994Rose et al, 1999;Huntley and Prescott, 2001;Preusser et al, 2002;Munyikwa, 2005;Tripaldi and Forman, 2007;Amorosi et al, 2009;Fitzsimmons et al, 2009;Roskin et al, 2011a;Brooke et al, 2014;Bristow, 2015a, 2015b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives on coastal landscape reconstruction during the Late Quaternary: A test case from central Israel

Shtienberg

Dix

Roskin

et al. 2017

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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The stratigraphic architecture of coastal plains is determined by the interactions between local (e.g. fluvial processes and topography), regional (e.g. climate) and global (e.g. sea level) forcing factors, primarily during the Late Quaternary Period. Detailed stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses of boreholes, cored between coastal ridges in the lowlands, coupled with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, and integrated with existing onshore and offshore databases, has enabled a 4-D reconstruction of the evolution of the coast of Israel during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. This model revealed that Nilotic-sourced littoral sand, intermittently transported inland by wind, has either been lithified into aeolianite or pedogenized into orange-brown palaeosol from about 100 ka to 8 ka. Dark silty clay wetlands were deposited between the aeolian coastal ridges adjacent to streams which cut the Israeli coastal plain and flow westward, from the Last Glacial Maximum until the onset of the Holocene. These units are topped by beach and aeolian quartz sand dated to 6.6-0.1 ka. Diachronous thicknesses and lithological dissimilarities were identified between the sections studied and previous reports on adjacent coastal aeolianite ridges. Streams were found to be a dominant control on the stratigraphical composition and related facies architecture due to fluvial-induced erosion. Consequently, the relief variations between the lowland and cliff controlled aeolian pedogenesis as well as alluvial processes from about 80 to 5 ka. Climate, mainly influenced by precipitation and dust input, induced pedogenic processes; while sea level lowstand during the Last Glacial Maximum is shown to have hindered sediment deposition in the shallow offshore, which in turn affected aeolian transport, reducing sediment accumulation on the palaeo-coastal plain. The palaeoenvironmental model presented in the current study serves as an example for understanding the evolution of similar low-latitude siliciclastic-rich low-gradient shelf-coastal areas during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Furthermore, it demonstrates the influence of local to global forcing factors on these environments.

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Aeolianite and barrier dune construction spanning the last two glacial–interglacial cycles from the southern Cape coast, South Africa

Cited by 120 publications

References 34 publications

Interpreting human behavior from depositional rates and combustion features through the study of sedimentary microfacies at site Pinnacle Point 5-6, South Africa

Interpreting human behavior from depositional rates and combustion features through the study of sedimentary microfacies at site Pinnacle Point 5-6, South Africa

Holocene sea level fluctuations and coastal evolution in the central Algarve (southern Portugal)

New perspectives on coastal landscape reconstruction during the Late Quaternary: A test case from central Israel

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