Aerosol monitoring system for the size characterization of droplet sprays produced by pneumatic nebulizers

Mechanism of enhancement of analyte sensitivity by surfactants in flame atomic spectrometry

“…where D is the diffusion coefficient (cm2/s) and r is the displacement (in cm) of the particle from its position at time t = 0 s. Assuming that the diffusion coefficient for surfactant in solution is about 5.7 X 1CT6 cm2/s (14), and that maximum drop radius is roughly 6 µ (6 X 10™4 cm) (15), it may be estimated that a dodecyl sulfate anion at the center of a drop would require about 10 ms to diffuse to the surface. By comparison, droplet lifetimes in a premix nebulizing chamber are generally from 100 to 400 ms, depending on flow rate (16).…”

“…The use of optical emission spectrometry for the determination of the REE in geological materials has been studied (12)(13)(14)(15). The studies to date using ICAP/OES either have not had sufficient detection limits to study the REE at levels required for petrogenetic: studies (9,10) or have not included all the REE (16, 17).…”

Mathematical model for concentric nebulizer systems

“…The theory presented will be used to elucidate three different problems: (1) the determination of dc and *; (2) the calculation of the efficiency and the aerosol concentration for a particular nebulizer system; (3) optimization of nebulizer systems. Experimental conditions and data for this theoretical treatment are taken from ref 13. The determination of dc is direct and closely related to determining * (the determination of dc according to ref [1][2][3][4] and 17 is an alternative procedure). The nebulizer characteristics for a number of pressure drops are measured for a particular nebulizer system.…”

“…The objectives of this work were as follows: (1) to sum up the contents of the Nukiyama and Tanasawa equation and to give a short survey of the work of Nukiyama and Tanasawa that relates to nebulizers; (2) to develop a mathematical model for nebulizer systems employing concentric nebulizers; (3) to compare the model with actual measurements on the real system presented in ref 13. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION…”

Measurement of aerosol transport efficiency in atomic spectrometry

“…Previous studies from this .laboratory have described the use of cascade impaction techniques to obtain droplet size distributions for organic (16) and aqueous (2,17) aerosols produced by typical atomic absorption (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) nebulizers. The operating principle of the cascade impactor relies on its ability to collect aerosols in certain size fractions with high efficiency.…”