Aesthetic evaluation of profile incisor inclination

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the impact of maxillary incisor inclination on the aesthetics of the profile view of a smile, (2) to determine the most aesthetic inclination in the profile view of a smile and correlate it with facial features, and (3) to determine if dentists, orthodontists, and laypeople appreciate differently incisor inclination in smile aesthetics. A smiling profile photograph of a female subject (22 years of age) who fulfilled the criteria of soft tissue normative values and a balanced smile was obtained. The photograph was manipulated to simulate six lingual and labial inclinations at 5 degree increments to a maximum of 15 degrees. The seven photographs were randomly distributed in a binder to three groups of raters (30 dentists, 30 orthodontists, and 30 laypeople) who scored the attractiveness of the photographic variations using a visual analogue scale. Comparison of the mean scores was carried out by repeated analysis of variance, univariate tests, and multiple Bonferroni comparisons. The results showed a statistically significant interaction between the rater's profession and the aesthetic preference of incisor inclination (P = 0.013). The profile smile corresponding to an increase of 5 degrees in a labial direction had the highest score among all professions and among male and female raters. Orthodontists preferred labial crown torque; dentists and laypeople did not appreciate excessive incisor inclination in either the lingual or the labial directions. The most preferred smile matched with a maxillary incisor inclined 93 degrees to the horizontal line and +7 degrees to the lower facial third.

A 2-center comparison of maxillary incisor positioning with non-extraction, 2-maxillary premolar and 4-premolar extractions for Class II treatment

“…Recently, Ghaleband Cao et al [2,6] observed that excessively labially or lingually tipped maxillary incisors can significantly worsen the smile esthetics, and that maxillary incisors measurements slightly above the cephalometric standards were preferred for optimum smile esthetics. Thus, lingually tipped maxillary incisors have great potential to significantly compromise not only the occlusal results, but also the smile and facial esthetics [2]. Because of this, the orthodontic mechanics should be highly effective to avoid torque loss of the anterior teeth during Class II malocclusion correction, regardless if treatment is performed with or without extractions.…”

“…The degree of labiolingual inclination of the maxillary and mandibular incisors influences the posterior occlusion, the smile and the facial esthetics [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Improperly inclined incisors may result in all maxillary contact points being located either too mesially or too distally, thus leading to an improper occlusion [3,7].…”

“…In an occlusion with good posterior Class I relationship, the lack of adequate overbite and overjet of the anterior teeth can be associated with improperly angulated maxillary anterior teeth, maxillary/mandibular tooth size discrepancy, or a combination of both. Besides the occlusal results, improper incisor tipping can also negatively affect the smile and the facial esthetics [2,5,6].…”

Percepción estética de la sonrisa con respecto a la inclinación de los incisivos superiores

“…Este método se utilizó para cuantifi car las emociones sobre el impacto estético de la inclinación del incisivo central superior en la sonrisa, siendo una herramienta utilizada en varias investigaciones debido a su simplicidad, evitando el sesgo hacia valores preferidos que se encuentran con escalas numéricas o de intervalo, permitiendo un mejor análisis de la cantidad y permitiendo examinar mejor la importancia de las diferencias en las distribuciones (2,14,15). En el presente estudio se realizó una valoración cuantitativa donde se encontraron que la percepción en pacientes presentó un valor de 7,17 cm ± 1,56 cm; mientras que en los estudiantes se obtuvo una valoración 6,74 cm ± 1,32.…”

The Effect of Upper Incisor Position on Soft Tissue Parameters

“…[27][28][29] Dudakların istirahat konumunda olmasıyla, sert ve yumuşak dokular arasındaki ilişkinin yanlış kas aktivasyonu ile kompanse olması önlenmektedir. 22 Bizim çalışmamızda sefalogramların alınması sırasında dudakların ve başın istirahat konumunda olmasına dikkat edildi.…”