The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the impact of maxillary incisor inclination on the aesthetics of the profile view of a smile, (2) to determine the most aesthetic inclination in the profile view of a smile and correlate it with facial features, and (3) to determine if dentists, orthodontists, and laypeople appreciate differently incisor inclination in smile aesthetics. A smiling profile photograph of a female subject (22 years of age) who fulfilled the criteria of soft tissue normative values and a balanced smile was obtained. The photograph was manipulated to simulate six lingual and labial inclinations at 5 degree increments to a maximum of 15 degrees. The seven photographs were randomly distributed in a binder to three groups of raters (30 dentists, 30 orthodontists, and 30 laypeople) who scored the attractiveness of the photographic variations using a visual analogue scale. Comparison of the mean scores was carried out by repeated analysis of variance, univariate tests, and multiple Bonferroni comparisons. The results showed a statistically significant interaction between the rater's profession and the aesthetic preference of incisor inclination (P = 0.013). The profile smile corresponding to an increase of 5 degrees in a labial direction had the highest score among all professions and among male and female raters. Orthodontists preferred labial crown torque; dentists and laypeople did not appreciate excessive incisor inclination in either the lingual or the labial directions. The most preferred smile matched with a maxillary incisor inclined 93 degrees to the horizontal line and +7 degrees to the lower facial third.

Aim The aim of this retrospective study was to quantify three-dimensional (3D) volumetric bone changes over a two-year period in maxillary sinuses augmented with a mineralized cortical bone allograft material (MCBA) material. Patients and Methods Eleven patients (6 males and 5 females) with mean of age of 51.6 (range: 46-61) years were treated to increase the vertical dimension of the alveolar crest by maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure. Study data were collected from patient records and by analyzing preoperative radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken within the first two weeks after maxillary sinus lift (T0), immediately before implant placement four months after grafting (T1), and after one year of implant loading (T2). All DICOMformatted images were rendered into volumetric images using software that automatically calculated the volume of the grafted material in cubic centimeters. Results Mean graft volume was 16.24 ± 1.54 cm 3 at T0, 14.48 ± 1.48 cm 3 at T1 and 13.06 ± 1.39 cm 3 at T2. Mean volume retraction resulted in 1.76 ± 0.34 cm 3 DV1 (T0-T1) and 1.42 ± 0.4 cm 3 DV2 (T1-T2) and was 10.83 % of the initial total volume at (T0-T1) and 9.8 % of the total volume (T1-T2). Conclusion The present retrospective investigation demonstrated a 20.63 % decrease in graft volume. Volumetric 3D assessment of CBCT scans with the selected software appeared to be a promising approach to quantifying longterm changes in the grafted area.

Objective: To assess the volumetric changes and the maxillary response of the naso-maxillary complex (NMC) following rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Materials and Methods: Thirty consecutive patients (14 males and 16 females) with a mean age at first observation of 9.5 6 1.8 years for males and of 11.8 6 1.7 years for females, presenting a posterior unilateral or bilateral crossbite and requiring RME, were selected for the study. Each patient underwent expansion to correct the transverse occlusal relationships. Computed tomography scans were taken before RME (T1) and at the end of the active expansion phase (T2). Measurements were performed on scanned images. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed; the mean differences between measurements at T1 and T2 were compared using the ttest (a 5 .05). Results: All volumetric, maxillary, transverse skeletal anterior and posterior variables as well as all dental anterior and posterior linear and angular variables representing the NMC displayed statistically highly significant increases after RME (P , .001). Conclusions: After RME the total volume of the NMC increased by 12%, the nasal volume by 17%, and the maxillary volume by 10.6%. The maxillary and the nasal contributions represented 69. 75% and 30.25%, respectively. (Angle Orthod. 2014;84:88-95.)

The authors recommend that the enamel be preconditioned before applying the self-etching primer when greater shear bond strength is desired.

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