Age and Calcium Sources in Laying Hen Feed Affect Calcium Digestibility

Diana, Thiago Ferreira; Calderano, Arele Arlindo; Tavernari, F. de C.; Rostagno, Horácio Santiago; Teixeira, Alexandre de Oliveira; Albino, Luiz Fernando Teixeira

doi:10.4236/ojas.2021.113034

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Older hens often produce larger, weak-shelled eggs ( Al-Batshan et al, 1994 ) and exhibit compromised skeletal structure. Efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption decreases with age ( Diana et al, 2021 ), leading to increased reliance on bone-derived calcium contributing to fractures ( Gregory and Wilkins, 1989 ). Elucidating physiological mechanisms responsible for the uptake and utilization of calcium and phosphorus throughout the hen’s productive lifecycle will provide insights that can be used to develop strategies limiting economic losses to producers and improving animal welfare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological regulation of calcium and phosphorus utilization in laying hens

Sinclair-Black

Garcia²,

Ellestad³

2023

Front. Physiol.

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Commercial laying hens can produce one egg approximately every 24 h. During this process, regulatory systems that control vitamin D3 metabolism, calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, and intestinal uptake of these minerals work in concert to deliver components required for eggshell calcification and bone mineralization. Commercial production cycles have been extended in recent years to last through 100 weeks of age, and older hens often exhibit an increased prevalence of skeletal fractures and poor eggshell quality. Issues such as these arise, in part, through imbalances that occur in calcium and phosphorus utilization as hens age. As a result, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms that drive calcium and phosphorus uptake and utilization is required to develop solutions to these welfare and economic challenges. This paper reviews factors that influence calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in laying hens, including eggshell formation and development and roles of cortical and medullary bone. Metabolism and actions of vitamin D3 and physiological regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in key tissues are also discussed. Areas that require further research in avian species, such as the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 in these processes and the metabolism and action of bioactive vitamin D3, are highlighted and the importance of using emerging technologies and establishing in vitro systems to perform functional and mechanistic studies is emphasized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological regulation of calcium and phosphorus utilization in laying hens

Sinclair-Black

Garcia²,

Ellestad³

2023

Front. Physiol.

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“…In addition, limestone is the main ingredient used as a Ca source in diets of laying hens. However, Ca digestibility can vary according to limestone particle sizes (limestone with fine vs. coarse grains) (Diana et al, 2021). Studies show that fine-grained limestone has a higher in vitro solubility than coarsergrained limestone and that as in vitro solubility increases, in vivo solubility decreases (Cheng and Coon, 1990a;Zhang and Coon, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent calcium retention and digestibility coefficients of limestone with different particle sizes in laying hens

Diana

Calderano

Rostagno

et al. 2023

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Apparent calcium (Ca) retention and digestibility coefficients are affected by limestone particle size in the diet of laying hens. This study aimed to determine the apparent retention and digestibility coefficients of Ca in limestone of different particle sizes in laying hens. The study comprised 288 Lohmann Brown laying hens (50 weeks of age; 1,964 ± 98 g) distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement [three Ca concentrations (10, 20, and 30 g kg -1 ) × two limestone particle sizes (480 and 1,978 µm)] with eight repetitions per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The experiment included five days for adaptation and five days for total excreta collection. All birds were slaughtered at the end of the ten days to collect the ileal contents. The total or ileal Ca content was plotted against the Ca of diets concentration using linear regression analysis. The regression line slope represented the apparent retention (CaR) and digestibility coefficients of Ca (CaD) in limestone. There was interaction between Ca concentration in the diet and limestone granulometry on CaD (p = 0.001) and CaR (p < 0.001). The CaD and CaR of fine-and coarsegrained limestone increased linearly with increasing Ca concentrations in the diet. The apparent digestibility coefficients estimated for laying hens fed with fine-grained and coarse-grained limestone were 0.72 and 0.35, respectively. The apparent retention coefficients estimated for laying hens fed fine-grained and coarse-grained limestone were 0.96 and 0.47, respectively.

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“…In addition, limestone is the main ingredient used as a source of Ca in the diets of laying hens. However, Ca digestibility can vary according to limestone granulometries (limestone with fine granulometry vs coarse grain) (Diana et al, 2021). Studies have shown that fine-grained limestone has a higher in vitro solubility than coarser-grained limestone and that the higher the in vitro solubility, the lower the in vivo solubility Zhang and Coon, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium digestibility of inorganic sources for laying hens

Diana¹

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Two independent experiments were conducted in order to determine the digestibility of calcium from different inorganic sources. Experiment one: The apparent calcium (Ca) digestibility coefficient (ADC) and true digestibility coefficient (TDC) of different inorganic calcium sources were determined in laying hens of different ages. Three Ca digestibility tests were carried out, each assessing 240 Lohmann Brown lineage laying hens distributed in a com-pletely randomized design. Nine dietary treatments were arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design consisting of three ages (40, 50 and 70 weeks) × three Ca (dicalcium phosphate (DCP) sources, fine (FL) and coarse (CL)) limestone, comprising eight replicates per treatment of six birds per experimental unit. Regarding the DCP, the ADC was higher (P < 0.05) in 40-week- old birds. The DCP ADC for 40-, 50- and 70-week-old birds was 0.889, 0.613 and 0.712, respectively. No effect (P > 0.05) of age on the ADC was noted for either FL or CL. Comparing Ca sources, DCP exhibited a higher (P < 0.05) ADC (0.889), followed by FL (0.699) and CL (0.515), in 40-week-old birds. DCP (0.712) and FL (0.652) presented (P < 0.05) higher ADC compared to CL (0.482), in 70-week-old birds. No effect of Ca sources at 50 weeks on the ADC was observed (P > 0.05). Endogenous loss values of 790, 860 and 930 mg.kg −1 of consumed dry matter were observed at 40, 50 and 70 weeks, respectively. For the TDC, no interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between Ca sources and bird age. The highest TDC value (P > 0.05) was found in birds fed DCP (0.786) followed by FL (0.637) and CL (0.534). In addition, birds at 40 weeks of age (0.714) exhibited higher TDC values (P < 0.05) compared to animals at 50 weeks of age (0.608). The findings reported herein demonstrate that the true digestibility is greater in the youngest birds and that consumed the DCP and the FL in relation to the birds that consumed the CL. Experiment two: The objective of this study was to determine the apparent retention and digestibility coefficients of Ca in limestone of different granulometries, in laying hens. A total of 288 Lohmann Brown laying hens (50 weeks of age; 1,964 ± 98 g) were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement [three Ca concentrations (10, 20, and 30 g kg-1) × two limestone granulometries (480 and 1978 μm) ]. Eight repetitions per treatment, with six birds per experimental unit. The duration of the experiment included five days each of adaptationand total excreta collection. At the end of the 10-day period, all birds were slaughtered and the ileal contents were collected. The total or ileal Ca content was plotted against the Ca of diets concentration using linear regression analysis. The slope of the regression line represented the apparent retention (CaR) and digestibility coefficients of Ca (CaD) in limestone. An interaction was found between Ca concentration in the diet and limestone granulometry on CaD (p = 0.001) and CaR (p < 0.001). The CaD of fine- and coarse-grained limestone increased linearly with increasing Ca concentrations in the diet. The CaR of fine- and coarse-grained limestone increased linearly with increasing Ca concentrations in the diet. The apparent digestibility coefficients estimated for laying hens fed fine-grained and coarse- grained limestone were 0.72 and 0.35, respectively. The apparent retention coefficients estimated for laying hens fed fine-grained and coarse-grained limestone were 0.96 and 0.47, respectively. Keywords: Calcitic Limestone. Dicalcium phosphate. Granulometry. Regression.

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Age and Calcium Sources in Laying Hen Feed Affect Calcium Digestibility

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Physiological regulation of calcium and phosphorus utilization in laying hens

Physiological regulation of calcium and phosphorus utilization in laying hens

Apparent calcium retention and digestibility coefficients of limestone with different particle sizes in laying hens

Calcium digestibility of inorganic sources for laying hens

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