Age differences in alcohol prototype perceptions and willingness to drink in UK adolescents

Davies, Emma; Martin, Jilly; Foxcroft, David

doi:10.1080/13548506.2015.1051556

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Recent longitudinal research supports the theoretical assumptions within the PWM as applied to adolescents in the United States, where prototype favourability predicted willingness six months later, which predicted subsequent drinking behaviour after a further six months (Litt & Lewis, 2016). Research in the UK has also supported this relationship and found that drinker prototypes are more positive in older adolescents than in younger adolescents (Davies et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…There is a growing body of evidence to support the use of this theory in understanding risky drinking in young people (Davies et al, 2016;Litt et al, 2014;Zimmermann & Sieverding, 2011). Recent longitudinal research supports the theoretical assumptions within the PWM as applied to adolescents in the United States, where prototype favourability predicted willingness six months later, which predicted subsequent drinking behaviour after a further six months (Litt & Lewis, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The response options ranged from 'none' to '15 or more'. To assess harms from drinking, a harm scale derived from a previous study was used (Davies et al, 2016). Participants were asked to tick a box next to each of the following 10 consequences if they had ever occurred when they had been drinking; vomiting, memory loss, embarrassment, trouble with police, injuries, hospital admission, fighting, lost something such as a phone, unprotected sex, embarrassing photos posted online, or to indicate if there was something else.…”

Section: Thinking About What Might Happen In the Next Week To What Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adolescents tend to have less favourable prototypes of drinkers, than of non-drinkers, and these positive abstainer prototypes may be seen as goal-states (Gerrard et al, 2002). When prototypes for drinkers are less negative, then adolescents have higher levels of willingness (Davies, Martin, & Foxcroft, 2016;Gerrard et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implicit alcohol attitudes predict drinking behaviour over and above intentions and willingness in young adults but willingness is more important in adolescents: Implications for the Prototype Willingness Model

Davies

Paltoglou

Foxcroft

2016

British J Health Psychol

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Adding implicit measures to the PWM may contribute to our understanding of the development of alcohol behaviours in young people. Further research could explore how implicit attitudes develop alongside the shift from reactive to planned behaviour. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Young people's drinking tends to occur in social situations and is driven in part by social reactions within these contexts. The Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) attempts to explain such reactive behaviour as the result of social comparison to risk prototypes, which influence willingness to drink, and subsequent behaviour. Evidence also suggests that risky drinking in young people may be influenced by implicit attitudes towards alcohol, which develop with repeated exposure to alcohol over time. One criticism of the PWM is that prototypes and willingness are usually measured using explicit measures which may not adequately capture young people's spontaneous evaluations of prototypes, or their propensity to act without forethought in a social context. What does this study add? This study is novel in exploring the addition of implicit alcohol attitudes to the social reaction pathway in the model in order to understand more about these reactive constructs. Implicit alcohol attitudes added to the prediction of behaviour, over and above intentions and willingness for university students. For school pupils, willingness was a stronger predictor of behaviour than intentions or implicit attitudes. Findings suggest that adding implicit alcohol attitudes into the PWM might be able to explain the shift from reactive to intentional drinking behaviours with age and experience.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Thinking About What Might Happen In the Next Week To What Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implicit alcohol attitudes predict drinking behaviour over and above intentions and willingness in young adults but willingness is more important in adolescents: Implications for the Prototype Willingness Model

Davies

Paltoglou

Foxcroft

2016

British J Health Psychol

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“…The consequences of excessive drinking assessed within AUDIT include memory loss and guilt/ remorse but this tool does not assess more specific short-term impacts that are often experienced by students (Davies & Joshi, 2018). Drinking-related harms experienced in the last four weeks were therefore measured using a scale used in a previous study with UK students (Davies, Martin, & Foxcroft, 2016) and included: being sick; embarrassed; missing class; trouble with police; injury; taken to hospital; having a fight; taking an illegal drug; losing a personal item such as a phone; unprotected sex; regretted sex; not knowing where you are when you woke up; an embarrassing photo posted on social media (14 items; T1 α=.751; T2 α=.725). These items focus on short-term consequences of alcohol consumption, rather than problematic use and dependence as measured by items 4-10 of the AUDIT scale.…”

Section: Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public self-consciousness, pre-loading and drinking harms among university students

Davies

Paltoglou

2019

Substance Use & Misuse

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Acknowledgements:We are grateful to the participants for giving up their time and to Sarah Hennelly for collecting the data. Funding: This project was funded by the Oxford Brookes University Central Research Fund. Word count: 4989 Statement of contribution: ED conceived the study, developed the measures, and analysed the open ended questions. AP searched for literature and drafted sections of the introduction and results. ED and AP jointly analysed the data and together wrote manuscript drafts and agreed on the final version of the manuscript. Conflicts of interest:The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Biographies:Emma L Davies is a senior lecturer in psychology at Oxford Brookes University.Aspasia E Paltoglou is a lecturer in psychology at Manchester Metropolitan University.Public self-consciousness, pre-loading and student drinking Public self-consciousness, pre-loading and drinking harms among university students ABSTRACT Background: Social anxiety and self-consciousness are associated with alcohol-related problems in students. The practice of pre-loading is one avenue for exploration regarding this relationship. Individuals may pre-load to reduce social anxiety and feel more confident when socialising, which could lead to the increased harms experienced. The current study aimed to explore reasons for pre-loading, and whether public and private self-consciousness and social anxiety were related to pre-loading, increased drinking and harms. Method:Prospective study with four-week follow up of 325 UK students aged 18-30 years old.Participants completed measures of private and public self-consciousness, social anxiety, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms and pre-loading.Results: Financial motives and mood-related reasons, such as gaining confidence were reported as reasons for pre-loading. Pre-loading predicted hazardous alcohol consumption, but social anxiety, and public and private self-consciousness did not. However, pre-loading, public selfconsciousness and social anxiety predicted alcohol-related harms. Furthermore, public selfconsciousness mediated the relationship between pre-loading and harms in a positive direction and this appeared to be more relevant in high risk (AUDIT 8+) than low risk drinkers. Conclusion:Students who scored higher in public self-consciousness appeared to be at greater risk of harms from pre-loading. Further research should examine this relationship further with particular attention to high risk drinkers, and explore which aspects of a night out are related to heightened self-consciousness. Interventions could incorporate measures to reduce public selfconsciousness, in order to reduce the negative impacts of pre-loading.Public self-consciousness, pre-loading and student drinking Public self-consciousness, pre-loading and drinking harms among university students

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An identity-based explanatory framework for alcohol use and misuse

Frings

Albery

2021

The Handbook of Alcohol Use

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Age differences in alcohol prototype perceptions and willingness to drink in UK adolescents

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Implicit alcohol attitudes predict drinking behaviour over and above intentions and willingness in young adults but willingness is more important in adolescents: Implications for the Prototype Willingness Model

Implicit alcohol attitudes predict drinking behaviour over and above intentions and willingness in young adults but willingness is more important in adolescents: Implications for the Prototype Willingness Model

Public self-consciousness, pre-loading and drinking harms among university students

An identity-based explanatory framework for alcohol use and misuse

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