Age differences in neural distinctiveness revealed by multi-voxel pattern analysis

Carp, Joshua; Park, Joonkoo; Polk, Thad A.; Park, Denise C.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.267

Cited by 197 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although we did not find age differences in the primary pattern of connectivity within the SLN, we did see reductions in the strength of connectivity between the aIFO seeds and regions outside the SLN, as well as a lack of task-specificity in the pattern of connectivity across the three memory conditions in older adults. This result is consistent with the idea that brain activity is dedifferentiated or less selective in older adults (Carp et al, 2011;Grady, 2002;Park et al, 2004). Young adults showed an SLN interaction with some DMN regions that was specific to failed AM trials, which may reflect their attempt to sort through more competing details at recall, as we suggested above.…”

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confidence: 91%

Age differences in brain activity related to unsuccessful declarative memory retrieval

2015

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Although memory recall is known to be reduced with normal aging, little is known about the patterns of brain activity that accompany these recall failures. By assessing faulty memory, we can identify the brain regions engaged during retrieval attempts in the absence of successful memory and determine the impact of aging on this functional activity. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine age differences in brain activity associated with memory failure in three memory retrieval tasks: autobiographical (AM), episodic (EM) and semantic (SM). Compared to successful memory retrieval, both age groups showed more activity when they failed to recall a memory in regions consistent with the salience network (SLN), a brain network also associated with non-memory errors. Both groups also showed strong functional coupling among SLN regions during incorrect trials and in intrinsic patterns of functional connectivity. In comparison to young adults, older adults demonstrated (1) less activity within the SLN during unsuccessful AM trials; (2) weaker intrinsic functional connectivity between SLN nodes and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; and (3) less differentiation of SLN functional connectivity during incorrect trials across memory conditions. These results suggest that the SLN is engaged during recall failures, as it is for non-memory errors, which may be because errors in general have particular salience for adapting behavior. In older adults, the dedifferentiation of functional connectivity within the SLN across memory conditions and the reduction of functional coupling between it and prefrontal cortex may indicate poorer internetwork communication and less flexible use of cognitive control processes, either while retrieval is attempted or when monitoring takes place after retrieval has failed. Keywords fMRI; aging; episodic memory; salience network; frontal lobe IntroductionA number of studies have provided extensive evidence of the neural circuitry that supports memory retrieval (e.g., Cabeza and Nyberg, 2000;Spaniol et al., 2009 CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript2008), as well as evidence of how aging influences this circuitry (e.g., Cabeza et al., 2005;Grady, 2012;Rajah and D'Esposito, 2005). However, most research has investigated how the brain supports successful memory performance (Addis and McAndrews, 2006;Brewer et al., 1998;Morcom et al., 2003;Wagner et al., 1998), and limited attention has been paid to brain networks involved in faulty memory retrieval, most notably faulty long-term memory recall. A number of processes may be engaged during recall, including goal setting, memory search, accessing (hopefully correct) stored memories, and evaluating retrieval success (Henson et al., 1999;Moscovitch, 1992;Rugg et al., 2002). The assessment of faulty memory retrieval can be used to identify brain regions whose activity reflects processes engaged when retrieval fails. Such processes can include cognitive control processes involved regardless of retrieval succes...

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confidence: 91%

Age differences in brain activity related to unsuccessful declarative memory retrieval

2015

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“…Agerelated impairments in these top-down control circuitries are likely underlying the compromised selection during visual processing. Recent findings suggest an age-related decrease in selective processing of objects in the visual cortex, independent of attention (Carp, Gmeindl, & ReuterLorenz, 2011;Carp, Park, Polk, & Park, 2011;Park et al, 2004). These age-related increases in dedifferentiation may be due to age-related declines in neuromodulation resulting in less distinctive perceptual representations (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Aging Delays and Compromises Early Multifocal Visual Attention during Object Tracking

Störmer

Heekeren

et al. 2013

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract■ Declines in selective attention are one of the sources contributing to age-related impairments in a broad range of cognitive functions. Most previous research on mechanisms underlying older adultsʼ selection deficits has studied the deployment of visual attention to static objects and features. Here we investigate neural correlates of age-related differences in spatial attention to multiple objects as they move. We used a multiple object tracking task, in which younger and older adults were asked to keep track of moving target objects that moved randomly in the visual field among irrelevant distractor objects. By recording the brainʼs electrophysiological responses during the tracking period, we were able to delineate neural processing for targets and distractors at early stages of visual processing (∼100-300 msec). Older adults showed less selective attentional modulation in the early phase of the visual P1 component (100-125 msec) than younger adults, indicating that early selection is compromised in old age. However, with a 25-msec delay relative to younger adults, older adults showed distinct processing of targets (125-150 msec), that is, a delayed yet intact attentional modulation. The magnitude of this delayed attentional modulation was related to tracking performance in older adults. The amplitude of the N1 component (175-210 msec) was smaller in older adults than in younger adults, and the target amplification effect of this component was also smaller in older relative to younger adults. Overall, these results indicate that normal aging affects the efficiency and timing of early visual processing during multiple object tracking. ■

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“…Another experiment 75 also found that implicit memory in younger adults was accompanied by increased activity in striatum and decreased activity in the hippocampus, whereas older adults showed increases in both. Simlarly, older adults are reported to have less distinctive activity in the visual cortex during perception and working memory tasks 76,77 . In both kinds of task, old adults had less distinctive patterns of activity in occipital cortex than young adults, consistent with dedifferentiation.…”

Section: Dedifferentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cognitive neuroscience of ageing

2012

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PrefaceThe availability of neuroimaging technology has spurred a marked increase in the human cognitive neuroscience literature, including the study of cognitive aging. Although there is a growing consensus that the aging brain retains considerable plasticity of function, currently measured primarily by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging, it is less clear how age differences in brain activity relate to cognitive performance. The field also is hampered by the complexity of the aging process itself and the large number of factors that are influenced by age. In this review, current trends and unresolved issues in the cognitive neuroscience of aging are discussed.

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Age differences in neural distinctiveness revealed by multi-voxel pattern analysis

Cited by 197 publications

References 42 publications

Age differences in brain activity related to unsuccessful declarative memory retrieval

Age differences in brain activity related to unsuccessful declarative memory retrieval

Normal Aging Delays and Compromises Early Multifocal Visual Attention during Object Tracking

The cognitive neuroscience of ageing

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