Age Influences Biomechanical Changes After Participation in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Program

Kolesar, Julie A; Gatewood, Corey T.; Tran, Andrew; Silder, Amy; Shultz, Rebecca; Delp, Scott L.; Dragoo, Jason L.

doi:10.1177/0363546517744313

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Three studies examined the effects of balance training [63, 67, 68], two studies examined resistance training [62, 63], while one study examined the effects of dynamic core-stability training [66], and one other study examined perturbation-enhanced plyometric training [69]. Two studies examined the effects of the Oslo neuromuscular warm-up protocol [72, 73], two studies examined the core position and control (Core-Pac) warm-up intervention [74, 75], and two studies examined FIFA’s Medical Assessment and Research Centre 11+ (F-MARC 11+) soccer-specific injury-prevention warm-up [70, 71] interventions on COD biomechanics. Eleven of the 22 studies failed to include a control group (Tables 1, 2, 3, 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study has shown promising results regarding the effectiveness of dynamic core stability training on COD knee joint loading [66], but further research is needed to definitively confirm the efficacy of this method. Perturbation-enhanced plyometric training [69], the F-MARC 11 + [70, 71], Oslo Neuromuscular warm-up protocol [72, 73] and resistance training [62, 63] are ineffective in reducing COD knee joint loads, whereas conflicting findings have been observed for the Core-Pac [74, 75], and mixed programme training interventions [53, 58–61, 65]. More research is required around plyometric-related interventions for the development of safer cutting mechanics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Training Interventions on Change of Direction Biomechanics Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading: A Scoping Review

et al. 2019

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Change of direction (COD) manoeuvres are associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk due to the propensity to generate large multiplanar knee joint loads. Given the short-and long-term consequences of ACL injury, practitioners are interested in methods that reduce knee joint loads and subsequent ACL loading. An effective strategy to reduce ACL loading is modifying an athlete's movement mechanics to reduce knee joint loading. The purpose of this scoping review was to critically appraise and comprehensively synthesise the existing literature related to the effects of training interventions on COD biomechanics associated with increased knee joint loads and subsequent ACL loading, and identify gaps and recommend areas for future research. A review of the literature was conducted using Medline and Sport DISCUS databases. Inclusion criteria consisted of pre-post analysis of a COD task, a minimum 4-week training intervention, and assessments of biomechanical characteristics associated with increased ACL loading. Of the 1,027 articles identified, 22 were included in the scoping review. Based on current literature, balance training and COD technique modification are the most effective training modalities for reducing knee joint loading (small to moderate effect sizes). One study reported dynamic core stability training was effective in reducing knee joint loads, but further research is needed to definitively confirm the efficacy of this method. Perturbation-enhanced plyometric training, the F-MARC 11 + soccer specific warm-up, Oslo Neuromuscular warm-up, and resistance training are ineffective training modalities to reduce COD knee joint loads. Conflicting findings have been observed for the Core-Pac and mixed training programme. Consequently, practitioners should consider incorporating balance and COD technique modification drills into their athletes' training programmes to reduce potentially hazardous knee joint loads when changing direction. However, training intervention studies can be improved by investigating larger sample sizes (> 20), including a control group, acknowledging measurement error when interpreting their findings, and considering performance implications, to confirm the effectiveness of training interventions and improve adherence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Training Interventions on Change of Direction Biomechanics Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading: A Scoping Review

et al. 2019

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“…In fact, the overall rate of injury among this group of players was comparable to those in the senior handball team (Olsen et al, 2006). Thompson-Kolesar et al (2017) investigated the effects of FIFA Medical and Research Center (F-MARC) 11+ injury prevention warm-up program on biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury among pre-adolescent and adolescent female soccer players. Each age group was divided into two groups; intervention (received F-MARC 11+ injury prevention warm-up program in 15 sessions for 7-8 weeks (2 sessions per week)) and control (did not received any program).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two types of kinetic chain play a major role in the mechanism of DKV, namely top-down (proximal origin) and bottom-up (distal origin) kinetic chains (Jamaludin et al, 2020). A top-down kinetic chain occurs when the hip and trunk muscles alter the distal joints' kinematic patterns (Snyder et al, 2009). On the contrary, a bottom-up kinetic chain involves the influence of ankle musculature and foot structures on knee joint motions (Khamis & Yizhar, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Czasche et al (2017),Jeong, Choi & Shin (2020) & McCurdy et al (2012 did not mention any screening procedure used to evaluate excessive DKV.Moreover, Baldon et al (2014) andSaad et al (2018) did not specify any screening procedure to evaluate excessive DKV because they implied the presence of knee valgus based on the diagnosis of PFPS. However, other five studies, namelyBarendrecht et al (2011); Bell et al (2013);Araújo et al (2017);Sheerin, Hume & Whatman (2012);Thompson-Kolesar et al (2017), screened the participants for excessive DKV through various types of test.Barendrecht et al (2011) measured knee valgus from the drop-jump test by evaluating the knee minimum distance values (i.e., less than 49.96% showed the presence of knee valgus) using 2-D analysis.Meanwhile, Bell et al (2013) visually confirm the presence of knee valgus during double-legged squat whereas,Araújo et al (2017) screened DKV during 18-cm step-down task Sheerin, Hume & Whatman (2012). screened DKV based on the pre-running test's knee abduction angle while,Thompson-Kolesar et al (2017) evaluated baseline knee valgus angle and moments for double, single-legged landing, preplanned and unanticipated cutting tasks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effects of hip- and ankle-focused exercise intervention on dynamic knee valgus: a systematic review

Sahabuddin

Jamaludin

Amir

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background A range of non-contact injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament tear, and patellofemoral pain syndrome are caused by disordered knee joint loading from excessive dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Previous systematic reviews showed that DKV could be modified through the influence of hip strength and ankle range of motion. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of exercise intervention which involved either top-down or bottom-up kinetic chains on minimizing DKV in male and female adults and adolescents, with and without existing knee pain. Methodology Electronic searches were conducted in SAGE, Science Direct, SCOPUS, and Pubmed. The search strategy consisted of medical subject headings and free-text search keywords, synonyms and variations of ‘exercise intervention,’ ‘knee alignment,’ ‘dynamic knee valgus’, ‘knee abduction’ that were merged via the Boolean operator ‘AND’ and ‘OR’. The search was conducted on full-text journals that documented the impact of the exercise intervention program involving either the bottom-up or top-down DKV mechanism on the knee kinematics. Furthermore, exercise intervention in this review should last at least one week which included two or three sessions per week. This review also considered both men and women of all ages with a healthy or symptomatic knee problem. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by Cochrane risk assessment tool. The protocol of this review was registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021219121). Results Ten studies with a total of 423 participants (male = 22.7%, female = 77.3%; adults = 249, adolescents = 123; pre-adolescent = 51) met the inclusion criteria of this review. Seven studies showed the significant effects of the exercise intervention program (range from two weeks to ten weeks) on reducing DKV. The exercise training in these seven studies focused on muscle groups directly attached to the knee joint such as hamstrings and gastrocnemius. The remaining three studies did not show significant improvement in DKV after the exercise intervention (range between eight weeks to twelve weeks) probably because they focused on trunk and back muscles instead of muscles crossing the knee joint. Conclusion Exercises targeting specific knee-joint muscles, either from top-down or bottom-up kinetic chain, are likely to reduce DKV formation. These results may assist athletes and coaches to develop effective exercise program that could minimize DKV and ultimately prevent lower limb injuries.

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Common Statistical Tests

Bodkin

Hart

Werner

2019

Basic Methods Handbook for Clinical Orthopaedic Research

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Age Influences Biomechanical Changes After Participation in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Program

Abstract: ACL prevention programs may be more effective if administered early in an athlete's career, as younger athletes may be more likely to adapt new biomechanical movement patterns.

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

The Effect of Training Interventions on Change of Direction Biomechanics Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading: A Scoping Review

The Effect of Training Interventions on Change of Direction Biomechanics Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading: A Scoping Review

The effects of hip- and ankle-focused exercise intervention on dynamic knee valgus: a systematic review

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