Agent of Lymphogranuloma Venereum in the Yolk-Sac of the Developing Chick Embryo

Rake, Geoffrey; McKee, Clara M.; Shaffer, Morris F.

doi:10.3181/00379727-43-11186p

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…C. psittaci and C. trachomatis LGV biovar strains grow readily in embryonated hen eggs (141). In 1957, T'ang and co-workers were the first to report the successful cultivation of the less virulent trachoma biovar strains of C. trachomatis in embryonated hen eggs (187).…”

Section: Specimen Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory diagnosis of human chlamydial infections

Barnes

1989

Clin Microbiol Rev

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chlamydia trachomatis is a human pathogen that causes ocular disease (trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis), genital disease (cervicitis, urethritis, salpingitis, and lymphogranuloma venereum), and respiratory disease (infant pneumonitis). Respiratory chlamydioses also occur with infection by avian strains of C. psittaci or infection by the newly described TWAR agent. Diagnosis of most acute C. trachomatis infections relies on detection of the infecting agent by cell culture, fluorescent antibody, immunoassay, cytopathologic, or nucleic acid hybridization methods. Individual non-culture tests for C. trachomatis are less sensitive and specific than the best chlamydial cell culture system but offer the advantages of reduced technology and simple transport of clinical specimens. Currently available nonculture tests for C. trachomatis perform adequately as screening tests in populations in which the prevalence of infection is greater than 10%. A negative culture or nonculture test for C. trachomatis does not, however, exclude infection. The predictive value of a positive nonculture test may be unsatisfactory when populations of low infection prevalence are tested. Tests that detect antibody responses to chlamydial infection have limited utility in diagnosis of acute chlamydial infection because of the high prevalence of persistent antibody in healthy adults and the cross-reactivity due to infection by the highly prevalent C. trachomatis and TWAR agents. Assays for changes in antibody titer to the chlamydial genus antigen are used for the diagnosis of respiratory chlamydioses. A single serum sample that is negative for chlamydial antibody excludes the diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum.

show abstract

Section: Specimen Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory diagnosis of human chlamydial infections

Barnes

1989

Clin Microbiol Rev

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As has been indicated elsewhere (2), during the earlier stages of infection after yolk sac inoculation, virus could be demonstrated, by intracerebral inoculation of mice, only in the yolk sac and to a lesser degree in the yolk. The brain, viscera, and chorio-allantois contained no virus demonstrable by this method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…(Received for publication, December 4, 1941) The demonstration that the method of yolk sac inoculation, first used so successfully by Cox (1) in his investigations on Rickettsiae, could be applied with success to the growth of the agent of lymphogranuloma venereum (2) has stimulated more extensive investigations of this disease and its causative agent (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Amongst other studies which have been made is one of the nature of the development of the agent in the cells of the yolk sac.…”

Section: Plates 9 To 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Lymphogranuloma Venereum

Rake

Jones

1942

Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Making use of the fact that the cells of the yolk sac of the developing embryo are readily infected with the agent of lymphogranuloma venereum and that the virus bodies can be readily observed in these cells because of the structure of the latter, the development of this agent has been followed at short intervals. It has been found to go through a regular cycle of development similar to that described for psittacosis in the spleen and less fully for lymphogranuloma venereum in the brain of infected mice. The development as observed microscopically can be shown to run parallel to changes in the infective titre of the yolk sac as tested in other eggs.

show abstract

“…Following the inoculation of a suspension of the agent of lymphogranuloma venereum into the yolk sac of the chick, the yolk cells become heavily infected (18). By adjusting the inoculum, the time of death from specific infection can be gauged very accurately (10) TExT-FIe.…”

Section: The Toxin From the Agent Of Lymphogranuloma Venereummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, when infected yolk sacs suspended in infected yolk are first centrifuged at 1500 g.P.~., and the superhate from this recentrifuged at 18,000 R.P.~. for 1 hour in the cold, the toxin remains with the final sediment of elementary bodies and is not found in the supernate from which 99 per cent of the agent has been removed (18). It has, in fact, proved possible to wash and resuspend the sediment repeatedly with full retention of toxicity.…”

Section: The Toxin From the Agent Of Lymphogranuloma Venereummentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Lymphogranuloma Venereum

Rake

Jones

1944

Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The association of a toxin or toxic factor with a Virus has never been demonstrated although it may have been suspected. In fact, under most circumstances it is difficult to devise experiments which would demonstrate clearly the occurrence of a toxin in association with these agents since both would be of small size and usually of labile nature. Thus, ff all possible sources of confusion were controlled, a positive result would be of great value but a negative one would be without significance.For many reasons it has been suspected in this laboratory that the agent of lymphogranuloma venereum, and the other agents which have been shown to be closely allied to it (1-5) should be separated from the true viruses and established in a group by themselves, comparable to the R i c k e t t~ for example (6). It had also been suspected that the agent of lymphogranuloma venereum at least, with which we have had most experience, produces a toxin. In the acute form of generalized infection with this latter agent in man, chills, severe headache, and marked prostration occur and the whole picture suggests a toxemia (7,8). Furthermore, in the laboratory, the convulsive deaths occuring in mice within 30 hours after intracerebral infection (9) are difficult to account for by the lesions present in the meninges, and the cause of death in the chick embryo after infection of the yolk sac has always seemed due possibly to toxemia since the agent does not invade the embryo to any marked extent (10), and careful studies have shown that no significant disturbance of nutrition results from the infection of the yolk ceils (11).The work of Gildemeister and Haagen (12) on the toxin associated with Rickettsia mooseri grown in the yolk sac of the chick embryo stimulated anew our interest in this problem. These authors found that suspensions of yolk sacs heavily infected with R. mooseri, when suspended in Ringer's solution, were lethal for mice. Following intraperitoneal inoculation of 0.5 to 1.0 ml. of such suspensions the mice died in 4 to 48 hours, often with convulsions. Smaller amounts were less active and illtracerebral or subcutaneous inoculation was less effective than intraperitoneal. The toxic substance was very labile and could not be demonstrated after the suspensions had been treated in any manner which killed the Rickettsiae. Serum from individuals who had 463

show abstract

Agent of Lymphogranuloma Venereum in the Yolk-Sac of the Developing Chick Embryo

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Laboratory diagnosis of human chlamydial infections

Laboratory diagnosis of human chlamydial infections

Studies on Lymphogranuloma Venereum

Studies on Lymphogranuloma Venereum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About