Aggregate exposure modelling of zinc pyrithione in rinse-off personal cleansing products using a person-orientated approach with market share refinement

Tozer, S.; Kelly, Seamus; O’Mahony, Cian; Daly, Eoin; Nash, John J.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.005

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this work, the ZnS/NSC composite has been first prepared through direct calcination of zinc pyrithione (zinc pyridine-2-thiol- N -oxide) that is a common Zn metal complex used for over 50 years in personal hygiene . The zinc pyrithione served as the single source for both ZnS and NSC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of ZnS/N,S Co-doped Carbon Composite from Zinc Metal Complex for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

Jing

Chen

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

120

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ZnS coated on N,S co-doped carbon (ZnS/NSC) composite has been prepared utilizing zinc pyrithione (CHNOSZn) as raw material via calcination. Through activation using NaCO salt, ZnS nanoparticles encapsulated in NSC (denoted as A-ZnS/NSC) with mixed-crystal structure has also been obtained, which reveals much larger specific surface area and more bridges between ZnS and NSC. Based on the existence of bridges (C-S-Zn and S-O-Zn bonds) and the modification of carbon from N,S co-doping, the A-ZnS/NSC composite as an anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) displays significantly enhanced electrochemical performances with a high reversible specific capacity of 516.6 mA h g (at 100 mA g), outstanding cycling stability (96.9% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 100 mA g), and high rate behavior (364.9 mA h g even at 800 mA g).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of ZnS/N,S Co-doped Carbon Composite from Zinc Metal Complex for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

Jing

Chen

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

120

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“…Among organic additives, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol (Triclosan ® ), isothiazolone and zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) have shown efficacy and fast results toward a large range of microorganisms, such as Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis and Staphylococcus aureus 6 . The industrial use of ZnPT is more common as anti-dandruff in shampoo and soap, and in body wash due to its low water solubility, lack of color and odor when applied in cosmetics [7][8][9] . As antifungal and antibacterial, this substance has been used in paints 10 , textiles 11 and polymeric matrices as polyurethane foam 6 and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Performance of Thermoplastic Elastomers Containing Zinc Pyrithione and Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of styrene-ethylene/ butylene-styrene based thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) incorporated with zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) and silver nanoparticles (AgNano). Japan Industrial Standard was applied to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of incorporated TPE compounds against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Antifungal action was evaluated against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Samples prepared with ZnPT eliminated 99.9% of the E. coli and 99.7 % of the S. aureus population, and presented an inhibition zone in the fungal assay. Samples prepared with AgNano eliminated 99.7% of the E. coli and 95.5 % of the S. aureus population. There was no inhibition zone in samples containing AgNano; however, these samples did not present fungal growth on their surfaces. TPE samples containing ZnPT showed biocidal activity against the microorganisms tested and can be used to develop antimicrobial products.

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“…The deterministic basic aggregation could be further refined by probabilistic aggregation for the population. 36 …”

Section: Safety Assessment Of Baby Wipe Chemical Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to Safety Evaluation of Baby Wipes

Li¹,

Dey²,

O’Connor³

et al. 2022

Global Pediatric Health

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Disposable baby wipes manufactured by Procter & Gamble, soft sheets bearing lotion that is balanced to maintain natural skin pH, are convenient for cleaning the diaper area and a quick cleanup on baby’s face and hands. Objective: Develop a rigorous safety assessment process to ensure that baby wipes are safe and gentle to skin. This process is built-in from the start of product research and development. Methods: A systematic, iterative approach that includes (1) exposure-based safety assessment of all raw materials for systemic and local effects, which are consistent with established risk assessment paradigms; (2) when needed, testing of finished wipes in in vitro and/or clinical studies for skin and eye irritation, contact sensitization, or mechanical effects on skin in comparison to benchmark products that have a long history of wipe safety in marketplace; (3) prospective and randomized in-use studies in babies; and (4) in-market monitoring that is an integral part of the on-going product safety assessment. Results: Individual approaches and/or their combination show mildness of the test wipes. Further, in-market monitoring is testimony to baby skin compatibility of baby wipes. Conclusion: The approaches that have been developed demonstrate the skin compatibility and/or benefits of baby wipes relative to other modes of cleaning if needed. This article describes our safety assurance program, exposure-based safety assessment, and the range of robust testing strategies and approaches that can be employed to assure the safety of baby wipes.

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Aggregate exposure modelling of zinc pyrithione in rinse-off personal cleansing products using a person-orientated approach with market share refinement

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Facile Synthesis of ZnS/N,S Co-doped Carbon Composite from Zinc Metal Complex for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

Facile Synthesis of ZnS/N,S Co-doped Carbon Composite from Zinc Metal Complex for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

Antimicrobial Performance of Thermoplastic Elastomers Containing Zinc Pyrithione and Silver Nanoparticles

Approaches to Safety Evaluation of Baby Wipes

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