Aging and Cost Optimal Residential Charging for Plug-In EVs

Abstract

The scheduling of at-home charging of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) normally depends solely on the electricity cost. However, since each charge cycle causes a small degradation of the available capacity of the battery, there is a hidden cost that typically exceeds that of the electricity. This work presents a method for minimizing the total cost of PEV charging by accounting for both the estimated costs of battery degradation and variable electricity costs. We show that our solution reaches the bound of 20% loss in capacity with a 46% increase in cycle life with respect to a standard delayed charging scheme.

The role of asymmetric prediction losses in smart charging of electric vehicles

“…Smart charging schemes follow various optimisation objectives including the minimisation of charging cost [12,13,14,15] and peak power minimisation [12,13,14]. Less common approaches aim to minimise transformer [12] and battery ageing [16], to maximise utilisation of renewable resources [11,17] or to combine these criteria [12].…”

Impact of Building Loads on Cost Optimization Strategy for a Plug-in Electric Vehicle Operation

“…Shifting PEV loads from on peak to off peak hours is one way to reduce the impact of increasing EV energy use. This also minimizes the battery degradation and electricity cost of PEV charging [8].Optimal charging architecture and partitioning load power into charging and discharging area for reducing the energy cost have also been proposed [9][10].…”

Optimal vehicle-to-grid strategy for a fleet of EVs considering the batteries aging

“…Various authors have addressed this issue (Choi and Kim, 2016;Correa-Florez, Gerossier, Michiorri, and Kariniotakis, 2018;Han, Han, and Aki, 2014;Xu, Shi, Kirschen, and Zhang, 2018) using the Achievable Cycle Count function defined by the battery manufacturer, as in Choi and Kim (2016) and Han et al (2014), or with the Rain-flow algorithm to cycle counting, as in Xu et al (2018). Authors as Bocca, Chen, Macii, Macii, and Poncino (2018) proposed to use the Arrhenius equation to evaluate the wear of EVs for residential usage and established an optimal charging plan to reduce the charging and wear costs. Nevertheless, all the previous cited studies only calculate the wear of all the EVs aggregated in a set and not individually.…”