Aging of thymus gland and immune system

Haroun, Heshmat Sw

doi:10.15406/mojap.2018.05.00186

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The COVID-19 disease severity significantly increased with old age and was milder in younger age which was in concordance with several other studies [37][38][39]. This can be explained by poor health outcomes and the physiologic changes of aging which begin early in life with the drop in production of new T cells due to thymus gland involution, followed by deterioration of the immune system and increased susceptibility to infection [40]. Seventy to eighty percent of the circulating lymphocytes are composed of T lymphocytes [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Learning from pathophysiological aspects of COVID-19 clinical, laboratory, and high-resolution CT features: a retrospective analysis of 128 cases by disease severity

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Learning from pathophysiological aspects of COVID-19 clinical, laboratory, and high-resolution CT features: a retrospective analysis of 128 cases by disease severity

et al. 2021

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“…17 The thymus gland is the primary lymphoid organ that provide site of T cell production and activation, it represents a key organ of the immune system. 18 The thymus extracts contain amino acids, this acids composition revealed a high content of acidic amino acids and no apparent homology to previously defined growth factors and thymus differentiation hormones. 19 The thymus extracts have been shown to modulate the development, maturation and activation of T cells, stimulate production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), their effect on the specialization and migration of T-lymphocytes throughout the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of calf thymus extract and L-carnitine on immunity and growth performance of broiler chickens

2020

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Background: Increasing the bird’s wealth and increasing the growth rate are among the goals of increasing the animal wealth so; we studied the effects of L-carnitine and calf thymus extract on growth performance and immunity in broiler chickens.Methods: Eighty broiler chicks were divided into four groups, each group included twenty chicks. Group 1, was negative control with no treatment of feed or water. Group 2, the regular drinking water was replaced by L-carnitine-infused water (1 gram per liter). Group 3, the regular drinking water was replaced by calf thymus extract- infused water (1 ml per liter). Group 4, the regular drinking water was replaced by both L-carnitine and calf thymus extract- infused water. This treatment was administered from day 1 to day 30 of the cycle. Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion were assessed. The hemogram, leuckogram, total protein, globulin, albumin, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and interleukin 2 were measured. Results: The hemogram and leuckogram parameters recorded a significant increase in treated groups compared to non treated group. The final body weight for all treatments was nearly the same, but slightly higher with application of L-carnitine. Phagocytic activity, index, TP, globulin and IL2 were significantly increased in treated groups.Conclusions: Both L-carnitine and thymus extract have significantly improved the general health condition, in addition, calf thymus extract improved not only the general body condition but also act has immunomodulatory effect which require more further studies.

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“…The thymus gland is the primary lymphoid organ that provide site of T cell production and activation, it represents a key organ of the immune system, (Haroun, 2018).With aging and after puberty, the thymus begins to shrink and involute and the production as well as development of T-cells reduce to a lower rate (Haroun, 2018 andJaneway et al, 2001), therefore, the thymus extracts have been shown to modulate the development, maturation and activation of T cells, stimulate production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), their effect on the specialization and migration of T-lymphocytes throughout the body. The thymus also releases hormones that regulate immune function (Colic et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schulz et al, 2015 andHaroun, 2018). The imbalance between oxidants like free oxygen radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) and antioxidants are considered as an important etiology of aging,(Desai et al, 2010)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immuno Protective, Anti-Diabetic and Histochmical-Anti Oxidative Activities of L-Carnitine, and Calf Thymus Extract in Aged Male Mice.

El-Gendy¹,

Rmasoud²,

SHadad³

et al. 2019

IJAR

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Immuno-protective, Anti-diabietic and Histochmical antioxidantive effect, Lcarnitine and calf thymus extract. Background: The mechanisms behind of immunosenescence have remained largely unknown in elderly. Some studies are referred the cause to that, L-carnitine is essential nutrient factor which it is important in transporting of long chain fatty acids to mitochondrial matrix, a process essential for fatty acid oxidation and energy release. The immunobiological properties of a new formulation of the lipid thymus calf extract (CYTOIMMUNE ®) were determined. Methods: In this study, the immunomodulating effect of L-carnitine and calf thymus extract were studied in aged male mice. Forty mice were divided into four groups, each group included ten aged male mice. Group I, each mice was injected intraperitoneal (I.P.) with normal saline for 7 successive days. Group II, each mice was injected I.P. with L-carnitine at dose 200 mg/kg b.wt. for 7 successive days. Group III, each mice was injected I.P. with calf thymus extract at dose 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. for 7 successive days. Group IV, each mice was injected I.P. with L-carnitine at dose 200 mg/kg b.wt. Plus calf thymus extract at dose 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. for 7 successive days. RBCs & WBCs count, PCV, differential leukocytic count, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, total protein, globulin, albumin, interleukin2, ALT, AST & blood glucose were measured. Moreover, after slaughtering the animals , histological sections were taken from main internal organs (liver, spleen, kidney) to show internal changes of previous tissues and evaluated the protective and antioxidant properties by using the previous experimental preparations (L-carnitine at dose 200 mg/kgb.wt. , calf thymus extract at dose 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. and combination of them). Results: The interaperiotoneal administration of L-carnitine at dose 200 mg/kg b.wt. calf thymus extract at dose 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. and combination between them. L-carnitine at dose 200 mg/kg b.wt.and calf thymus extract at dose 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. for 7 successive days had an improving effect on immune response, glucose level and hepatic marker enzymes as well as improving the histological architecture in the internal tissues (liver, kidney and spleen) and a significant increase in CAT (catalase enzyme), in liver and kidney. These results clearly

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Aging of thymus gland and immune system

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Learning from pathophysiological aspects of COVID-19 clinical, laboratory, and high-resolution CT features: a retrospective analysis of 128 cases by disease severity

Learning from pathophysiological aspects of COVID-19 clinical, laboratory, and high-resolution CT features: a retrospective analysis of 128 cases by disease severity

Effects of calf thymus extract and L-carnitine on immunity and growth performance of broiler chickens

Immuno Protective, Anti-Diabetic and Histochmical-Anti Oxidative Activities of L-Carnitine, and Calf Thymus Extract in Aged Male Mice.

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