Aichivirus C isolate is a diarrhoea‐causing pathogen in goats

Abstract

Aichivirus C is an emerging virus in goats, but its biological significance remains unknown. In this study, 18 diarrheic and 16 non‐diarrheic faecal samples of kids were collected from a farm with an on‐going diarrheic outbreak in Sichuan Province, China in May 2021. Of these samples, 77.8% (14/18) of diarrheic samples were detected as Aichivirus C positive by RT‐PCR, which was significantly higher than that of non‐diarrheic faces (0%, p < .001); meanwhile, other common diarrhoea‐causing pathogens in goats were not detected in diarrheic samples, except for two samples that were detected as caprine enterovirus positive, suggesting that Aichivirus C was associated with goat diarrhoea. Furthermore, five Aichivirus C strains were successfully isolated from positive samples using Vero cell lines and two isolates were further plaque‐purified, named SWUN/F5/2021(10–6.7TCID50/0.1 mL) and SWUN/F6/2021(10–7TCID50/0.1 mL). Interestingly, Aichivirus C strain could cause systemic infection in experimental kids via oral administration, with the main clinical manifestation being severe watery diarrhoea. Histopathological changes observed in the duodenum and jejunum were characteristic, with shedding of mucosal epithelial cells. In addition, the virus was detected in tissues of diarrhoea kids naturally infected with Aichivirus C, exhibiting pathological changes similar to those of experimental infections. Overall, this study first isolated Aichivirus C and confirmed its pathogenicity in kids, with further study needed to better understand the virus pathogenicity. As Aichivirus C has been detected in South Korea, Italy and the USA and widely prevalent in southwest China, the results obtained here have significant implications for the diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in goats.

Identification of Aichivirus in a Pet Rat (Rattus norvegicus) in Italy

“…Members of the genus Kobuvirus , genetically closely related to human AiVs, have been identified in Italy from a wide range of domestic and wild animals, suggesting a mutual exchange of viruses [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Are Non Conventional Pets Potential Carriers of Zoonotic Viruses? A Two Years Study

“…AiV was found in different animals in Europe: in Hungary in healthy piglets (Sus scrofa domestica) [Reuter et al 2009], in Italy in Mussels and Shellfish [Fusco et al 2017 and, in dogs [Kapoor et al 2011, Di Martino et al 2013, in cats [Di Martino et al 2015], pipistrelle bat [Diakoudi et al 2020], in domestic and wild ungulates [Di Martino et al 2021] and in goats [Abi et al 2022]. Some authors [Kapoor et al 2011) identified in domestic dogs (with gastroenteritis) a kobuvirus closely related to human aichivirus thus witnessing cross-species transmission in cohabiting species.…”

“…Aichiviruses (AiVs), belong to the Kobuvirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Kobuviruses were associated with gastrointestinal diseases and fecal-oral infection, not only in humans, but also in dogs, cats, cattle and pigs [Abi et al 2022, Bergallo 2017, Diakoudi et al 2020, Kaikkonen 2010.…”

Isolation and Characteristics of a Novel Aichivirus D from Yak

“…The isolated strains were then purified via plaque technique when CPE was over 80% after three culture generations, during which virus titers were counted and expressed as the TCID 50 . The procedures followed for indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assay and transmission electron microscopy were as previously described ( 27 ). As a note, an anti-KoV polyclonal antibody was prepared in our laboratory for IF.…”