Air‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on a new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the preconcentration of benzophenone‐type UV filters from aqueous samples

Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents are considered as new and green solvents that can be widely used in analytical chemistry such as microextraction. In the present work, a new dl-menthol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was synthesized and used as extraction solvents in an air-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for preconcentration and extraction of benzophenone-type UV filters from aqueous samples followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. In an experiment, the deep eutectic solvent formed by dl-menthol and decanoic acid was added to an aqueous solution containing the UV filters, and then the mixture was sucked up and injected five times by using a glass syringe, and a cloudy state was achieved. After extraction, the solution was centrifuged and the upper phase was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography for analysis. Various parameters such as the type and volume of the deep eutectic solvent, number of pulling, and pushing cycles, solution pH and salt concentration were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the developed method exhibited low limits of detection and limits of quantitation, good linearity, and precision. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine the benzophenone-type filters in environmental water samples with relative recoveries of 88.8-105.9%.

Alternative Green Extraction Phases Applied to Microextraction Techniques for Organic Compound Determination

“…Two hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents were synthetized and used as the extraction solvent with air-assisted DLLME (AA-DLLME) for pre-concentration and extraction of benzophenone-type UV filters from aqueous samples and determination by HPLC-DAD [61]. DESs were obtained by mixing DL -menthol and quaternary ammonium salts with a straight-chain monobasic acid.…”

Combining ultrasound‐assisted extraction and vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction for the sensitive assessment of aflatoxins in aquaculture fish species

“…Several assistance mechanisms, such as those based on ultrasound and microwave , have been proposed for enhancing the DLLME extraction efficiency. On other occasions, the extraction solvent dispersion is achieved by pulling in and pushing out the mixture of aqueous sample solution and extraction solvent repeatedly in a glass syringe (air‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction) . DLLME extractive capabilities can be also increased by fast shaking using a vortex (vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction [VALLME]), which leads to a fast extracting solving dispersion and a fast mass transfer from the aqueous phase to the organic extractant .…”

Systematic evaluation of hydrophobic deep-melting eutectics as alternative solvents for the extraction of organic solutes from aqueous solution

“…[42][43][44] Recently a number of reports demonstrating the extraction of various organic compounds (e.g., pesticides, pigments) into HDESs have appeared. 33,35,36,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] To date, however, little effort has been made to either elucidate the factors responsible for determining the efficiency of extraction of a given compound or to establish the utility of HDESs as media for extraction visa-vis other "unconventional" solvents. As a rst step toward addressing these deciencies, we have carried out a preliminary examination of the partitioning of a series of organic solutes, including various simple, substituted benzene derivatives, between selected HDESs and water.…”