Air pollution and childhood obesity

Seo, Moon Young; Kim, Shin Hye; Park, Mi Jung

doi:10.3345/cep.2020.00010

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Obese individuals are uniquely susceptible to environmental exposures and it is currently unknown whether there is a higher rate of mortality from COVID-19 in obese patients that live in areas with increased air pollution. Epidemiological studies have indicated an association between obesity and air pollution ( 50 , 51 ). Studies of obese humans and animal models have demonstrated a greater decrement in pulmonary function after exposure to the criteria air pollutant ozone (O 3 ), enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines, and markers of oxidative stress ( 52 , 53 ).…”

Section: Obese Individuals Have Increased Susceptibility To Environmementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-Driven Deficiencies of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators May Drive Adverse Outcomes During SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2020

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Obesity is a major independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality upon infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the current coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). Therefore, there is a critical need to identify underlying metabolic factors associated with obesity that could be contributing toward increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in this vulnerable population. Here, we focus on the critical role of potent endogenous lipid metabolites known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids. SPMs are generated during the transition of inflammation to resolution and have a vital role in directing damaged tissues to homeostasis; furthermore, SPMs display anti-viral activity in the context of influenza infection without being immunosuppressive. We cover evidence from rodent and human studies to show that obesity, and its co-morbidities, induce a signature of SPM deficiency across immunometabolic tissues. We further discuss how the effects of obesity upon SARS-CoV-2 infection are likely exacerbated with environmental exposures that promote chronic pulmonary inflammation and augment SPM deficits. Finally, we highlight potential approaches to overcome the loss of SPMs using dietary and pharmacological interventions. Collectively, this mini-review underscores the need for mechanistic studies on how SPM deficiencies driven by obesity and environmental exposures may exacerbate the response to SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Obese Individuals Have Increased Susceptibility To Environmementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-Driven Deficiencies of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators May Drive Adverse Outcomes During SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2020

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“…34 A recent review comprehensively summarized the mechanisms underlying the association between air pollution and childhood obesity. 36 We found a moderate, positive influence of harmful environmental pollutants on BMI in both genders. These findings got special importance when, according to WHO statistics, children are the main victim of secondhand smoke (in 2004, 40% of children were exposed, globally 37 ) and also, urban living increases the exposure of children to a mixture of air pollutants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Path Analysis on Determinants of Childhood Obesity and Associated Risk Factors of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Hepatic Diseases: The CASPIAN-V Study

Mansouri

Mansourian

Qorbani

et al. 2020

Journal of Child Science

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The interaction between several lifestyle and obesogenic environmental factors is considered as the main underlying factor for the escalating trend of childhood obesity and its adverse consequences. In this study, we assessed the mutual influence of lifestyle habits and body mass index (BMI) as well as risk factors for cardiometabolic, hepatic, and renal disorders to define the causality power of each item. This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted as the fifth round of a school-based surveillance program. Overall, 14,800 students living in Iran were studied, and blood samples were obtained from 4,200 of them. Demographic factors, anthropometric and biochemical measures were used to define lifestyle-related latent variables as well as cardiac, renal, and hepatic risk indicators. Total, direct, and indirect effects between factors were analyzed using the standardized regression weights for each pathway. Data from 14,274 students (participation rate of 99%) and 3,843 blood samples were included. All of the latent variables had a significant direct effect on BMI, with the most potent effect of unhealthy nutrition (β ≅ 0.63) in boys and girls. BMI has significant direct effects on risk indicators of cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic diseases with the most powerful effect on cardiovascular risk factors (β ≅ − 0.08). The most important predisposing factor for obesity was unhealthy nutrition, whereas increased activity, adequate sleep, and better hygiene had protective roles. BMI shows the strongest association with indicator of cardiovascular diseases. These findings underscore the importance of implementing public health programs for the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases.

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“…Over the past decade, a number of epidemiologic and animal studies have suggested the role of pre- and postnatal exposure to air pollutants as a cause for childhood obesity. [ 24 25 26 27 ] Although no clear mechanisms have been elucidated, physical inactivity, systemic oxidative stress, chronic activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, change in gut bacterial flora and epigenetic modifications have been suggested as possible mechanisms by which air pollution causes obesity. [ 24 ] Polyaromatic hydrocarbons which are combustion products of automobile exhausts act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals or obesogens that cause dysregulation of the hormonal network controlling appetite and endocrine tissues which changes insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 24 25 26 27 ] Although no clear mechanisms have been elucidated, physical inactivity, systemic oxidative stress, chronic activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, change in gut bacterial flora and epigenetic modifications have been suggested as possible mechanisms by which air pollution causes obesity. [ 24 ] Polyaromatic hydrocarbons which are combustion products of automobile exhausts act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals or obesogens that cause dysregulation of the hormonal network controlling appetite and endocrine tissues which changes insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. [ 28 ] Childhood exposures to regional and traffic-related air pollutants have been shown to increase consumption of transfat and fast foods by adolescents, thereby contributing to obesogenic behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between air pollution, body mass index, respiratory symptoms, and asthma among adolescent school children living in Delhi, India

Salvi¹,

Kumar²,

Puri³

et al. 2021

Lung India

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Background: Delhi is one of the most polluted cities in the world with annual average ambient PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels exceeding the World Health Organization standards by over 15 fold. We aimed to study the prevalence of respiratory and allergic symptoms and asthma among adolescent children living in Delhi (D) and compare it with children living in lesser polluted cities of Kottayam (K) and Mysore (M) located in Southern India. Methods: 4361 boys and girls between the age group of 13–14 and 16–17 years from 12 randomly selected private schools from D, K, and M were invited to participate. Modified and expanded International Study for Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) questionnaires (Q) were filled by the students who also performed spirometry using the ultrasonic flow-sensor-based nDD Spirometer. Results: 3157 students (50.4% boys) completed the Q and performed good quality spirometry. The prevalence of asthma and airflow obstruction among children living in Delhi was 21.7% using the ISAAC Q and 29.4% on spirometry, respectively. This was accompanied by significantly higher rates of self-reported cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness, sneezing, itchy and watery eyes, itchy skin, and eczema among Delhi children (vs. K-M, all P < 0.05). Delhi children were more overweight and obese (39.8% vs. 16.4%, P < 0.0001), and this was the only risk factor that was strongly associated with asthma (odds ratio [OR]: 1.79; confidence interval: 1.49–2.14), with a more pronounced effect in Delhi children ( P = 0.04). Forced expiratory volume 1 and Forced vital capacity values were significantly higher in Delhi children (vs. K-M P < 0.0001). Preserved ratio impaired spirometry was more common in K-M children ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Adolescent children living in the polluted city of Delhi had a high prevalence of asthma, respiratory symptoms, allergic rhinitis, and eczema that was strongly associated with a high body mass index (BMI). Our study suggests an association between air pollution, high BMI, and asthma/allergic diseases, which needs to be explored further.

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Air pollution and childhood obesity

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Obesity-Driven Deficiencies of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators May Drive Adverse Outcomes During SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Obesity-Driven Deficiencies of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators May Drive Adverse Outcomes During SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Path Analysis on Determinants of Childhood Obesity and Associated Risk Factors of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Hepatic Diseases: The CASPIAN-V Study

Association between air pollution, body mass index, respiratory symptoms, and asthma among adolescent school children living in Delhi, India

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