Air‐water CO2 fluxes in the microtidal Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina

Crosswell, Joseph R.; Wetz, Michael S.; Hales, Burke; Paerl, Hans W.

doi:10.1029/2012jc007925

Cited by 54 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Specifically, in the US east coast, high pCO 2 has been found in estuaries along the southeastern Jiang et al, 2008a) and northeastern (Salisbury et al, 2008;Hunt et al, 2010) coastal regions. While high pCO 2 has also been found in small estuaries along the US mid-Atlantic coast (Raymond et al, 1997;Raymond et al, 2000), only a few estuarine CO 2 studies have been conducted in this region, such as Crosswell et al (2012) in the Neuse River, NC; Raymond et al (1997) in Hudson River, NY; and Raymond et al (2000) in the York River, VA. Thus, there is limited research on CO 2 dynamics in large estuaries or bay systems with long freshwater residence times in the US mid-Atlantic coast (most notably the Chesapeake and Delaware estuaries).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air–water fluxes and sources of carbon dioxide in the Delaware Estuary: spatial and seasonal variability

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Distributions of surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2 ) were measured on nine cruises in the Delaware Estuary (USA). The Delaware River was highly supersaturated in pCO 2 with respect to the atmosphere during all seasons, while the Delaware Bay was undersaturated in pCO 2 during spring and late summer and moderately supersaturated during mid-summer, fall, and winter. While the smaller upper tidal river was a strong CO 2 source (27.1 ± 6.4 mol-C m −2 yr −1 ), the much larger bay was a weak source (1.2 ± 1.4 mol-C m −2 yr −1 ), the latter of which had a much greater area than the former. In turn, the Delaware Estuary acted as a relatively weak CO 2 source (2.4 ± 4.8 mol-C m −2 yr −1 ), which is in great contrast to many other estuarine systems. Seasonally, pCO 2 changes were greatest at low salinities (0 ≤ S < 5), with pCO 2 values in the summer nearly 3-fold greater than those observed in the spring and fall. Undersaturated pCO 2 was observed over the widest salinity range (7.5 ≤ S < 30) during spring. Near to supersaturated pCO 2 was generally observed in mid-to high-salinity waters (20 ≤ S < 30) except during spring and late summer. Strong seasonal trends in internal estuarine production and consumption of CO 2 were observed throughout both the upper tidal river and lower bay. Positive correlations between river-borne and air-water CO 2 fluxes in the upper estuary emphasize the significance of river-borne CO 2 degassing to overall CO 2 fluxes. While river-borne CO 2 degassing heavily influenced CO 2 dynamics in the upper tidal river, these forces were largely compensated for by internal biological processes within the extensive bay system of the lower estuary.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air–water fluxes and sources of carbon dioxide in the Delaware Estuary: spatial and seasonal variability

et al. 2015

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“…Most estuarine environments are net heterotrophic ecosystems (Gattuso et al, 1998;Testa et al, 2012), leading to the production and emission to the atmosphere of CO 2 and CH 4 . The production of CO 2 and CH 4 is modulated by various physical features resulting from estuarine geomorphology such as water residence time (Borges et al, 2006;Joesoef et al, 2017), tidal amplitude and vertical stratification (Borges, 2005;Koné et al, 2009;Crosswell et al, 2012;Joesoef et al, 2015), and connectivity with tidal flats and salt marshes (Middelburg et al, 2002;Cai, 2011). Highly eutrophic (Cotovicz Jr. et al, 2015) or strongly stratified estuarine systems (Koné et al, 2009) can exceptionally act as sinks of CO 2 due to high carbon sequestration, although high organic matter sedimentation can concomitantly lead to high CH 4 production and emission to the atmosphere (Koné et al, 2010;Borges and Abril, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dynamics and CO2 and CH4 outgassing in the Mekong delta

2018

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Abstract. We report a data set of biogeochemical variables related to carbon cycling obtained in the three branches (M y Tho, Hàm Luông, Có Chiên) of the Mekong delta (Bén Tre province, Vietnam) in December 2003, April 2004, and October 2004. Both the inner estuary (upstream of the mouth) and the outer estuary (river plume) were sampled, as well as side channels. The values of the partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) ranged between 232 and 4085 ppm, O 2 saturation level (%O 2 ) between 63 and 114 %, and CH 4 between 2 and 2217 nmol L −1 , within the ranges of values previously reported in temperate and tropical meso-and macro-tidal estuaries. Strong seasonal variations were observed. In the upper oligohaline estuary, low pCO 2 (479-753 ppm) and high %O 2 (98-106 %) values were observed in April 2004 most probably related to freshwater phytoplankton growth owing to low freshwater discharge (1400 m 3 s −1 ) and increase in water residence time; during the two other sampling periods with a higher freshwater discharge (9300-17 900 m 3 s −1 ), higher pCO 2 (1895-2664 ppm) and lower %O 2 (69-84 %) values were observed in the oligohaline part of the estuary. In October 2004, important phytoplankton growth occurred in the offshore part of the river plume as attested by changes in the contribution of particulate organic carbon (POC) to total suspended matter (TSM) (%POC) and the stable isotope composition of POC (δ 13 C-POC), possibly related to low TSM values (improvement of light conditions for phytoplankton development), leading to low pCO 2 (232 ppm) and high %O 2 (114 %) values. Water in the side channels in the Mekong delta was strongly impacted by inputs from the extensive shrimp farming ponds. The values of pCO 2 , CH 4 , %O 2 , and the stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ 13 C-DIC) indicated intense organic matter degradation that was partly mediated by sulfate reduction in sediments, as revealed by the slope of total alkalinity (TA) and DIC covariations. The δ 13 C-POC variations also indicated intense phytoplankton growth in the side channels, presumably due to nutrient enrichment related to the shrimp farming ponds. A data set in the mangrove creeks of the Ca Mau province (part of the Mekong delta) was also acquired in April and October 2004. These data extended the range of variability in pCO 2 and %O 2 with more extreme values than in the Mekong delta (Bén Tre), with maxima and minima of 6912 ppm and 37 %, respectively. Similarly, the maximum CH 4 concentration (686 nmol L −1 ) was higher in the Ca Mau province mangrove creeks than in the Mekong delta (Bén Tre, maximum 222 nmol L −1 ) during the October 2004 cruise (rainy season and high freshwater discharge period). In April 2004 (dry season and low freshwater discharge period), the CH 4 values were much lower than in October 2004 (average 19 ± 13 and 210 ± 158 nmol L −1 , respectively) in the Ca Mau province mangrove creeks, owing to the higher salinity (average 33.2 ± 0.6 and 14.1 ± 1.2, respectively) that probably led to higher sedim...

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“…Most estuarine environments are net heterotrophic ecosystems (for example, Gattuso et al, 1998), leading to the production and emission to the atmosphere of CO 2 and CH 4 . The production of CO 2 10 and CH 4 is modulated by various physical features resulting from estuarine geomorphology such as water residence time (Borges et al, 2006;Joesoef et al, 2017), tidal amplitude and vertical stratification (Borges, 2005;Koné et al, 2009;Crosswell et al, 2012;Joesoef et al, 2015), and connectivity with tidal flats and saltmarshes (Middelburg et al, 2002;Cai, 2011). Highly eutrophic (Cotovicz Jr et al, 15 2015) or strongly stratified estuarine systems (Koné et al, 2009) can exceptionally act as sinks of CO 2 due to high carbon sequestration, although high organic matter sedimentation can concomitantly lead to high CH 4 production and emission to the atmosphere (Koné et al, 2010;Borges and Abril, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dynamics in the Mekong Delta

Borges

Abril

Bouillon

2017

Preprint

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We report a data-set obtained in the three branches (My Tho . The CO 2 emission to the atmosphere from the Mekong inner estuary was higher than reported in the Yangtze and Pearl River inner estuaries. This was probably due to the lower salinity in the Mekong delta branches, possibly due to different morphology; relatively linear channels in the Mekong delta versus funnel-15 shaped estuaries for the Yangtze and Pearl River inner estuaries.,Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi

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Air‐water CO₂ fluxes in the microtidal Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina

Cited by 54 publications

References 62 publications

Air–water fluxes and sources of carbon dioxide in the Delaware Estuary: spatial and seasonal variability

Air–water fluxes and sources of carbon dioxide in the Delaware Estuary: spatial and seasonal variability

Carbon dynamics and CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> outgassing in the Mekong delta

Carbon dynamics in the Mekong Delta

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Air‐water CO2 fluxes in the microtidal Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina

Cited by 54 publications

References 62 publications

Air–water fluxes and sources of carbon dioxide in the Delaware Estuary: spatial and seasonal variability

Air–water fluxes and sources of carbon dioxide in the Delaware Estuary: spatial and seasonal variability

Carbon dynamics and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; outgassing in the Mekong delta

Carbon dynamics in the Mekong Delta

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Air‐water CO₂ fluxes in the microtidal Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina

Carbon dynamics and CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> outgassing in the Mekong delta