Airborne Release Fractions from Surrogate Nuclear Waste Fires Containing Lanthanide Nitrates and Depleted Uranium Nitrate in 30% Tributyl Phosphate in Kerosene

Hubbard, Joshua Allen; Boyle, Timothy J.; Zepper, Ethan T.; Brown, Alexander L.; Settecerri, Taylor; Santarpia, Joshua L.; Kotula, Paul Gabriel; McKenzie, Bonnie Beth; Lucero, Gabriel; Lemieux, Laura J.; Zigmond, Joseph A.; Zayas, Nicole D.; Preston, Rose T.; Maes, Brenda; Sanchez, Andres L.; Wiemann, Dora K.; Guerrero, Fernando; Robinson, Xavier J.; Perales, Dianna

doi:10.1080/00295450.2020.1739995

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As part of a revamping of these outdated data, this effort focused on identifying the various components of the solution system and characterizing the particulates formed during a burn event. Particulate behavior of this system has been reported in additional reports. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The residual powder by XRF analyses indicated the appropriate lanthanide cations were present along with P. The presence of the P was surprising, as literature refers only to oxides being formed . Therefore, additional studies were undertaken where a TPhP stock solution of the [Sm(κ 2 - NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O] sample was placed in a box furnace and heated to 450 °C in air.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the Ln family of organophosphorus nitrates and the U derivative have enough similarities to suggest they would act as reasonable surrogates for aerosol investigations. Studies on the pyrolysis behavior of the resultant materials have been reported elsewhere and indicated substantial differences exist between the lanthanide and uranium organophosphorus species during aerosolization . Efforts to understand the subtle differences that influenced this behavior of these to precursors are underway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particulate behavior of this system has been reported in additional reports. 16,17 While there is no ideal actinide simulant among the lanthanide cations, the rare earth ceramic oxide materials are often used due to the similarity in chemistry, phases, oxidation states, and lack of radioactivity. In particular, ceria (CeO 2 ) is widely selected as a surrogate for uranium dioxide (UO 2 ) due to its similar mineral phase and oxidation state (4+).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organophosphorus-Modified Lanthanide Nitrates as Potential Actinide Oxide Aerosol Surrogates

et al. 2020

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In search of suitable simulants for aerosol uranium waste products from Plutonium Uranium Redox Extraction (PUREX) process burns, a series of lanthanide nitrate hydrates ([Ln(κ 2 -NO3)3·nH2O]) were dissolved in the presence of tributylphosphate (OP(O(CH2)3CH3)3) referred to as TBP) in kerosene or triphenylphosphate (OP(O(C6H5) referred to as TPhP) in acetone. The crystal structure of the TPhP derivatives of the lanthanide nitrate series and uranium nitrate were solved as [Ln(κ2 -NO3)3(TPhP)3] (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) and [U(O)2(κ2 -NO3)2(TPhP)2] (U), respectively. The lanthanide-TBP, Ln, and U were further characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, 31P NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Further, thermal treatment of the lanthanide-TBP, Ln, and U using a box furnace to mimic pyrolysis conditions was found by PXRD analyses to generate a phosphate phase [LnP3O9 or UP2O7) for all systems. The resultant nuclear waste fire contaminant particulates will impact both aerosol transport and toxicity assessments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organophosphorus-Modified Lanthanide Nitrates as Potential Actinide Oxide Aerosol Surrogates

et al. 2020

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“…For this work, we were interested in exploiting ceria (CeO x ) beyond the wide range of applications for which it is already used [9,10], including: catalysts [11,12], biomedical applications [1,[12][13][14], actinide surrogates [15], pigments [16], sunscreen [12,13,17], and many other applications, as well as less frequently investigated rad-hard coatings. As mentioned above, studies have shown that doping Ln cations into the lattice of CeO x nanoparticles imparts changes to their final properties, including improved radiative recombination, reduced oxidation catalytic activity, enhanced UV-absorption capacity, and the promotion of intermediate electronic levels in the bandgap [12,14,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability and Radiation Tolerance of Lanthanide-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocubes

et al. 2021

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The thermal and radiation stability of free-standing ceramic nanoparticles that are under consideration as potential fillers for the improved thermal and radiation stability of polymeric matrices were investigated by a set of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. A series of lanthanide-doped ceria (Ln:CeOx; Ln = Nd, Er, Eu, Lu) nanocubes/nanoparticles was characterized as synthesized prior to inclusion into the polymers. The Ln:CeOx were synthesized from different solution precipitation (oleylamine (ON), hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and solvothermal (t-butylamine (TBA)) routes. The dopants were selected to explore the impact that the cation has on the final properties of the resultant nanoparticles. The baseline CeOx and the subsequent Ln:CeOx particles were isolated as: (i) ON-Ce (not applicable), Nd (34.2 nm), Er (27.8 nm), Eu (42.4 nm), and Lu (287.4 nm); (ii) HMTA-Ce (5.8 nm), Nd (6.6 nm), Er (370.0 nm), Eu (340.6 nm), and Lu (287.4 nm); and (iii) TBA-Ce (4.1 nm), Nd (5.0 nm), Er (3.8 nm), Eu (7.3 nm), and Lu (3.8 nm). The resulting Ln:CeOx nanomaterials were characterized using a variety of analytical tools, including: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), TEM with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for nanoscale elemental mapping. From these samples, the Eu:CeOx (ON, HMTA, and TBA) series were selected for stability studies due to the uniformity of the nanocubes. Through the focus on the nanoparticle properties, the thermal and radiation stability of these nanocubes were determined through in situ TEM heating and ex situ TEM irradiation. These results were coupled with data analysis to calculate the changes in size and aerial density. The particles were generally found to exhibit strong thermal stability but underwent amorphization as a result of heavy ion irradiation at high fluences.

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Determination of Airborne Release Fractions from Solid Surrogate Nuclear Waste Fires

et al. 2021

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Airborne Release Fractions from Surrogate Nuclear Waste Fires Containing Lanthanide Nitrates and Depleted Uranium Nitrate in 30% Tributyl Phosphate in Kerosene

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Organophosphorus-Modified Lanthanide Nitrates as Potential Actinide Oxide Aerosol Surrogates

Organophosphorus-Modified Lanthanide Nitrates as Potential Actinide Oxide Aerosol Surrogates

Thermal Stability and Radiation Tolerance of Lanthanide-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocubes

Determination of Airborne Release Fractions from Solid Surrogate Nuclear Waste Fires

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