Akabane, Aino and Schmallenberg virus — where do we stand and what do we know about the role of domestic ruminant hosts and Culicoides vectors in virus transmission and overwintering?

Regge, Nick De

doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.10.004

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Combining this with the afore‐discussed year‐round activity of at least three potential vector species, it is possible that continuous circulation of Simbu serogroup viruses is sustained through cycling between competent vectors and susceptible animals on the Israeli livestock farms. A similar overwintering mechanism in surviving adult Culicoides has been postulated for BTV in California (Mayo et al, ) and AHSV in South Africa (Venter et al, ), and has been suggested as the leading hypothesis for Schmallenberg virus circulation in cattle during the winter of 2011 in Germany (De Regge, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Seasonal and spatial variation in Culicoides community structure and their potential role in transmitting Simbu serogroup viruses in Israel

Behar¹,

Rot²,

Lavon

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are a successful group of small (1–3 mm) haematophagous flies, some species of which are biological vectors of veterinary arboviruses, such as bluetongue virus, epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus, African horse sickness virus and Simbu serogroup viruses. In this study, we examine seasonal and spatial effects on the presence and distribution of Culicoides communities associated with ruminant and equine farms in Israel, and their infection with Simbu serogroup viruses. Our results demonstrate that both the vectors and the viruses are widely spread in Israel, including regions that were previously considered Culicoides‐free. Moreover, our results show that although seasonality affects infection with Simbu serogroup viruses, both viruses and potential vectors can be found year round, suggesting continuous circulation of Simbu serogroup viruses in Israeli livestock farms. Finally, this study provides novel and basic information on Simbu serogroup‐infected Culicoides in Israel: it demonstrates that Sathuperi, Shuni and Peaton viruses were circulating in Israel in 2015–2017 as they were found in C. imicola and C. oxystoma, both potential vectors of these viruses, and supplies the first‐ever genomic detection of Sathuperi in Israel. Consequently, the data emerging from this study are of importance in understanding the epidemiology of arboviruses in Israel and are of relevance to the potential spread and possible future outbreaks of different Simbu serogroup viruses within the Mediterranean region and Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Seasonal and spatial variation in Culicoides community structure and their potential role in transmitting Simbu serogroup viruses in Israel

Behar¹,

Rot²,

Lavon

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The african type species Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), that per se causes a mild febrile illness in humans, has shown potential to convert into a hemorrhagic fever virus, called Ngari (1,2). The asian-australian Akabane virus as well as the Schmallenberg virus (SBV) that has recently spread all over Western Europe, are causing stillbirths, abortions and congenital malformations in large numbers of ruminants (3,4). Recurrent epidemics of debilitating fever due to Oropouche virus (OROV) infections, raging since over 60 years, have affected more than half a million people in Latin America (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elongin C Contributes to RNA Polymerase II Degradation by the Interferon Antagonist NSs of La Crosse Orthobunyavirus

Schoen

Lau

Verbruggen

et al. 2020

J Virol

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Mosquito-borne La Crosse virus (LACV; genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae, order Bunyavirales) causes up to 100 annual cases of severe meningoencephalitis in children and young adults in the United States. A major virulence factor of LACV is the nonstructural protein NSs, which inhibits host cell mRNA synthesis to prevent the induction of antiviral type I interferons (IFN-α/β). To achieve this host transcriptional shutoff, LACV NSs drives the proteasomal degradation of RPB1, the large subunit of mammalian RNA polymerase II. Here, we show that NSs acts in a surprisingly rapid manner, as RPB1 degradation was commencing already at 1 h postinfection. The RPB1 degradation was partially dependent on the cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit Elongin C. Consequently, removal of Elongin C, but also of the subunits Elongin A or B by siRNA transfection partially rescued general RNAP II transcription and IFN-beta mRNA synthesis from the blockade by NSs. In line with these results, LACV NSs was found to trigger the redistribution of Elongin C out of nucleolar speckles, which, however, is an epiphenomenon rather than part of the NSs mechanism. Our study also shows that the molecular phenotype of LACV NSs is different from RNA polymerase II inhibitors like α-amanitin or Rift Valley fever virus NSs, indicating that LACV is unique in involving the Elongin complex to shut off host transcription and IFN response. IMPORTANCE The mosquito-borne La Crosse virus (LACV; genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae, order Bunyavirales) is prevalent in the United States and can cause severe childhood meningoencephalitis. Its main virulence factor, the nonstructural protein NSs, is a strong inhibitor of the antiviral type I interferon (IFN) system. NSs acts by imposing a global host mRNA synthesis shutoff, mediated by NSs-driven proteasomal degradation of the RPB1 subunit of RNA polymerase II. Here, we show that RPB1 degradation commences as early as 1 h postinfection, and identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit Elongin C (and its binding partners Elongins A and B) as an NSs cofactor involved in RPB1 degradation and in suppression of global as well as IFN-related mRNA synthesis.

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“…Simbu serogroup viruses are transmitted mainly by Culicoides biting midges [2,3]. Several Simbu serogroup viruses have been shown to cross the placenta and result in outbreaks of abortion, stillbirth and malformations [4 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The congenital malformations seen at birth are recognized as arthrogryposis hydranencephaly syndrome and related to the pregnancy stage at which the dam is infected. In cattle, severe brain deformities may happen if the dam is infected between 76 and 106 days of pregnancy [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Simbu serogroup viruses antibodies in cattle in Sudan

Hussien¹,

Alfaki²,

Enan³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Simbu serogroup are arbo-viruses which are mainly transmitted by Culicoides. It is one of the largest serogroups within the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Peribunyaviridae, includes at least 24 antigenically diverse, albeit serologically related viruses. Meager information is available on Simbu serogroup viruses infection in ruminants outside of Europe. Therefore, in this study, serological surveillance of Simbu serogroup viruses in cattle in seven States in Sudan was conducted during the period May, 2015 – March, 2016. Results Using a cross-sectional design, 184 cattle sera were collected and tested by a commercial SBV ELISA kit which enables the detection of antibodies against various Simbu serogroup viruses. The results showed an overall 86.4% prevalence of Simbu serogroup viruses antibodies in cattle in Sudan. Univariate analysis showed significant association (p= 0.007) between ELISA seropositivity and state where samples were collected. Conclusion This is study suggests that Simbu serogroup viruses infection can be present in cattle in Sudan. Further epizootiological investigations on Simbu serogroup viruses infection are warranted.

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Akabane, Aino and Schmallenberg virus — where do we stand and what do we know about the role of domestic ruminant hosts and Culicoides vectors in virus transmission and overwintering?

Cited by 35 publications

References 124 publications

Seasonal and spatial variation in Culicoides community structure and their potential role in transmitting Simbu serogroup viruses in Israel

Seasonal and spatial variation in Culicoides community structure and their potential role in transmitting Simbu serogroup viruses in Israel

Elongin C Contributes to RNA Polymerase II Degradation by the Interferon Antagonist NSs of La Crosse Orthobunyavirus

Prevalence of Simbu serogroup viruses antibodies in cattle in Sudan

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