AKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA EKSTRAK BUAH CABAI JAWA (Piper retrofractum) TERHADAP Helopeltis antonii (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)

Abstract

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Helopeltis antonii merupakan salah satu hama pada tanaman kakao,<br />teh, dan jambu mete yang menyerang pucuk dan buah dengan menusukkan<br />stiletnya untuk mengisap cairan sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan.<br />Penelitian bertujuan menguji toksisitas ekstrak buah Piper retrofractum<br />(cabai jawa) terhadap imago, pengaruh konsentrasi subletal terhadap nimfa<br />keturunan, persistensi terhadap mortalitas dan oviposisi H. antonii.<br />Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi dan Toksikologi<br />Serangga, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman,<br />Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Sukabumi, mulai Mei<br />2013 sampai April 2014. Buah mentimun digunakan sebagai inang<br />pengganti untuk perbanyakan serangga uji H. antonii di laboratorium dan<br />media pengujian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kematian imago H.<br />antonii, akibat perlakuan ekstrak P. retrofractum 0,05-0,3%, sudah terjadi<br />pada 24 jam setelah perlakuan (JSP). Sementara itu, pada 24 dan 48 JSP<br />terjadi penurunan tingkat kematian H. antonii. Setelah 48 JSP, hanya<br />terjadi sedikit peningkatan kematian H. antonii. LC 50 dan LC 95 ekstrak P.<br />retrofractum pada 120 JSP masing-masing 0,20 dan 0,49%. Jumlah nimfa<br />keturunan yang dihasilkan pada perlakuan subletal ekstrak P. retrofractum<br />0,203% (LC 50 ) lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 0,141%<br />(LC 25 ). Ekstrak P. retrofractum yang dipajankan di bawah sinar matahari<br />hingga 5 hari masih efektif terhadap imago (mortalitas 80%), tetapi tidak<br />efektif dalam menghambat peletakan telur H. antonii. Penghambatan<br />peletakan telur terhadap imago H. antonii pada perlakuan ekstrak P.<br />retrofractum 0,98% (2 × LC 95 ) yang dipajankan di bawah sinar matahari<br />selama 0 dan 1 hari, dengan indeks penghambatan oviposisi 22,7 dan<br />23,8%. Keefektifan ekstrak P. retrofractum perlu diuji di lapangan untuk<br />menilai kelayakan dalam pengendalian H. antonii.<br />Kata kunci: insektisida botani, mortalitas, oviposisi, persistensi</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Helopeltis antonii is cocoa, tea, and cashew nuts important pest that<br />causes damage by sucking plant sap from shoots and nuts. This study was<br />conducted to test toxicity of Piper retrofractum fruit extract on adults,<br />sublethal effect on the production nymphal progeny, and persistence<br />against mortality and oviposition of H. antonii. This study was conducted<br />at The Fisiology and Insect Toxicology Laboratory, Plant Protection<br />Departement, Bogor Agricultural University and The Plant Protection<br />Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute<br />from Mey 2013 to April 2014. Cucumber was used as a host substitute for<br />rearing the test insect and as the testing medium. The results show that<br />adult mortality, due to the P. retrofractum leaf extract treatment 0.05-<br />0.3%, has occured at 24 hours after treatment (HAT). Meanwhile, H.<br />antonii mortality has decreased on 24 and 48 HAT. After 48 HAT, only a<br />slight increased in H. antonii mortality. LC 50 and LC 95 of P. retrofractum<br />extract at 120 HAT were 0.20 and 0.49%, respectively. The treatment at<br />sublethal concentrations (LC 25 and LC 50 ) markedly decreased nymphal<br />progeny number. P. retrofractum extract suspensions at LC 95 and 2 × LC 95<br />exposed under sunlight for 5 days were still effective against H. antonii<br />adults (80% mortality), but were not effective in females inhibiting<br />oviposition. The oviposition inhibiting activity was observed only in the<br />treatment with P. retrofractum extract at 2 × LC 95 exposed under sunlight<br />for 0 and 1 day in which the oviposition deterrency indices were 22.7 and<br />23.8% respectively. <br />Key words: botanical insecticides, mortality, oviposition, persistence</p>

INSECTICIDAL JOINT ACTION OF TERNARY EXTRACT MIXTURES OF FOUR SPECIES OF TROPICAL PLANTS AGAINST Plutella xylostella AND Crocidolomia pavonana

“…The strong insecticidal activity of single Pa and Tv extracts against DBM and CHC as well as that of Pr extract against CHC were in agreement with previous reports (Zarkani et al, 2009;Zarkani et al, 2010;Chenta & Prijono, 2014;Nailufar & Prijono, 2017;Prijono et al, 2020). Pr extract had also been reported to have a good contact effect against some sucking pests including papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus (Asnan et al, 2015), tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii (Indriati et al, 2015;Rohimatun et al, 2020b), and rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Nuryanti et al, 2018b). Furthermore, the following binary extract mixtures had been reported to be synergistic against CHC: P. aduncum + S. rarak (Syahroni & Prijono, 2013), P. aduncum + T. vogelii (Nurfajrina & Prijono, 2015;Nailufar & Prijono, 2017), P. retrofractum + T. vogelii (Nurfajrina & Prijono, 2015;Prijono et al, 2020), and T. vogelii + S. rarak (Irawan, 2012).…”

INSECTICIDAL JOINT ACTION OF TERNARY EXTRACT MIXTURES OF FOUR SPECIES OF TROPICAL PLANTS AGAINST Plutella xylostella AND Crocidolomia pavonana

“…The strong insecticidal activity of single Pa and Tv extracts against DBM and CHC as well as that of Pr extract against CHC were in agreement with previous reports (Zarkani et al, 2009;Zarkani et al, 2010;Chenta & Prijono, 2014;Nailufar & Prijono, 2017;Prijono et al, 2020). Pr extract had also been reported to have a good contact effect against some sucking pests including papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus (Asnan et al, 2015), tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii (Indriati et al, 2015;Rohimatun et al, 2020b), and rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Nuryanti et al, 2018b). Furthermore, the following binary extract mixtures had been reported to be synergistic against CHC: P. aduncum + S. rarak (Syahroni & Prijono, 2013), P. aduncum + T. vogelii (Nurfajrina & Prijono, 2015;Nailufar & Prijono, 2017), P. retrofractum + T. vogelii (Nurfajrina & Prijono, 2015;Prijono et al, 2020), and T. vogelii + S. rarak (Irawan, 2012).…”

Insecticidal activity of the extracts of Piper retrofractum fruit and Tephrosia vogelii leaf and their mixtures against Crocidolomia pavonana

“…Previously, JLP extract has been reported to act as a stomach poison (being active through feeding treatment) against European earwigs Forficula auricularia (Assabgui et al, 1997), cabbage head caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana, and diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Zarkani et al, 2009;Dadang & Prijono, 2011). This extract has also been reported to have contact action against some sucking pests including green stinkbug Nezara viridula (Hasnah & Rusdy, 2015), papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus (Asnan et al, 2015), tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii (Indriati et al, 2015), and rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Nuryanti et al, 2018).…”

“…Javanese long pepper (JLP) Piper retrofractum Vahl (Piperaceae), a source of spices and herbal medicines, is a potential source of botanical insecticides that has long been cultivated in Java, Indonesia (Heyne, 1987;Utami & Jansen, 1999). JLP fruit extracts have been reported to possess strong insecticidal activity against various insect pests including European earwigs Forficula auricularia (Assabgui et al, 1997), cabbage head caterpillar Crocidolomia pavonana (Prijono et al, 2006;Nurfajrina & Prijono, 2015), green stinkbug Nezara viridula (Hasnah & Rusdy, 2015), tropical armyworm Spodoptera litura (Yooboon et al, 2019), papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus (Asnan et al, 2015), tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii (Indriati et al, 2015), and rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Nuryanti et al, 2018).…”