Cacao is one of important commodities which has significant contribution to Indonesian economy. One main factor in cacao cultivation is the shade tree. In Indonesia, the shade tree for cacao may vary. The study aimed to determine the most suitable shade tree for insect diversity in cacao plantation, conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station and Integrated Laboratory of IIBCRI from January to May 2019. The shade trees in used were banana (KP), Ramayana (KR), and coconut (KK). Insect diversity was observed using yellow pan trap and pitfall trap in the field. The trapped insects were identified until order then their abundance were analysed statistically. Result showed the shade trees species are affecting the insect diversity in cacao plantation. The lowest population of insect from in cacao plantation from January to May 2019 was found in banana as shade tree, whereas the highest abundance was found in Ramayana. The highest abundance of the family in the area was from Hymenoptera order and Formicidae family.

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Helopeltis antonii merupakan salah satu hama pada tanaman kakao,<br />teh, dan jambu mete yang menyerang pucuk dan buah dengan menusukkan<br />stiletnya untuk mengisap cairan sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan.<br />Penelitian bertujuan menguji toksisitas ekstrak buah Piper retrofractum<br />(cabai jawa) terhadap imago, pengaruh konsentrasi subletal terhadap nimfa<br />keturunan, persistensi terhadap mortalitas dan oviposisi H. antonii.<br />Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi dan Toksikologi<br />Serangga, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman,<br />Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Sukabumi, mulai Mei<br />2013 sampai April 2014. Buah mentimun digunakan sebagai inang<br />pengganti untuk perbanyakan serangga uji H. antonii di laboratorium dan<br />media pengujian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kematian imago H.<br />antonii, akibat perlakuan ekstrak P. retrofractum 0,05-0,3%, sudah terjadi<br />pada 24 jam setelah perlakuan (JSP). Sementara itu, pada 24 dan 48 JSP<br />terjadi penurunan tingkat kematian H. antonii. Setelah 48 JSP, hanya<br />terjadi sedikit peningkatan kematian H. antonii. LC 50 dan LC 95 ekstrak P.<br />retrofractum pada 120 JSP masing-masing 0,20 dan 0,49%. Jumlah nimfa<br />keturunan yang dihasilkan pada perlakuan subletal ekstrak P. retrofractum<br />0,203% (LC 50 ) lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 0,141%<br />(LC 25 ). Ekstrak P. retrofractum yang dipajankan di bawah sinar matahari<br />hingga 5 hari masih efektif terhadap imago (mortalitas 80%), tetapi tidak<br />efektif dalam menghambat peletakan telur H. antonii. Penghambatan<br />peletakan telur terhadap imago H. antonii pada perlakuan ekstrak P.<br />retrofractum 0,98% (2 × LC 95 ) yang dipajankan di bawah sinar matahari<br />selama 0 dan 1 hari, dengan indeks penghambatan oviposisi 22,7 dan<br />23,8%. Keefektifan ekstrak P. retrofractum perlu diuji di lapangan untuk<br />menilai kelayakan dalam pengendalian H. antonii.<br />Kata kunci: insektisida botani, mortalitas, oviposisi, persistensi</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Helopeltis antonii is cocoa, tea, and cashew nuts important pest that<br />causes damage by sucking plant sap from shoots and nuts. This study was<br />conducted to test toxicity of Piper retrofractum fruit extract on adults,<br />sublethal effect on the production nymphal progeny, and persistence<br />against mortality and oviposition of H. antonii. This study was conducted<br />at The Fisiology and Insect Toxicology Laboratory, Plant Protection<br />Departement, Bogor Agricultural University and The Plant Protection<br />Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute<br />from Mey 2013 to April 2014. Cucumber was used as a host substitute for<br />rearing the test insect and as the testing medium. The results show that<br />adult mortality, due to the P. retrofractum leaf extract treatment 0.05-<br />0.3%, has occured at 24 hours after treatment (HAT). Meanwhile, H.<br />antonii mortality has decreased on 24 and 48 HAT. After 48 HAT, only a<br />slight increased in H. antonii mortality. LC 50 and LC 95 of P. retrofractum<br />extract at 120 HAT were 0.20 and 0.49%, respectively. The treatment at<br />sublethal concentrations (LC 25 and LC 50 ) markedly decreased nymphal<br />progeny number. P. retrofractum extract suspensions at LC 95 and 2 × LC 95<br />exposed under sunlight for 5 days were still effective against H. antonii<br />adults (80% mortality), but were not effective in females inhibiting<br />oviposition. The oviposition inhibiting activity was observed only in the<br />treatment with P. retrofractum extract at 2 × LC 95  exposed under sunlight<br />for 0 and 1 day in which the oviposition deterrency indices were 22.7 and<br />23.8% respectively. <br />Key words: botanical insecticides, mortality, oviposition, persistence</p>

<em>Ant (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) is one of the dominant groups of insects and has significant biological and ecological properties. The presence of ants in coffee plantations plays an important role as it functions as a predator. The study aimed to investigate the effect of coffee plantation agroecosystem on the diversity and abundance of ant species. The study was conducted from February to June 2018 at Pakuwon Experimental Station. The coffee plants were divided into 4 groups, based on their locations and agroecosystems, where each group consisted of 4 observation plots. Ants sampling were taken from 15 sample plants in each plot.   Observation was conducted on ants found in the stems, leaves, twigs and fruits of coffee plants. The ants were taken for 5 to 10 minutes from each plant. The differences in coffee agroecosystem were  grouped based on location, altitude, coffee species, shade plant, and vegetation around the observation site. The study found 59 ant morphospecies with a total of 2,535 individuals. The dominant ant was Dolichoderus sp1. There were 4 ant species that were found in all four locations, namely Camponotus sp1., Crematogaster sp1., Dolichoderus sp1., Polyrhachis sp1. which are predatory. The analysis result showed that different coffee agroecosystem affects diversity and abundance of ants.</em>

<p><em>Coffee berry borer (CBB) is the main pest of coffee plants. This pest is difficult to control as it attacks coffee fruit on the tree, multiplies inside the fruit and stays till storage. The study aimed to determine the potential liquid smoke from plant waste to control CBB. The research was conducted at Plant Protection Laboratory (IIBCRI), from January to December 2016. The liquid smokes made from cacao pod husks, sawdust, coconut shells, and rice husks. Phytochemical content of liquid smokes was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using </em><em>gas cromatografy mass spectrometry</em> (<em>GCMS). Toxicity analysis was carried out by residual and contact methods at concentrations of 1%; 1.5%; 2%; 2.5%; controls (aquades), and chlorpyrifos insecticide (2 ml/l) as comparison. Each treatment used 15 H. hampei imagos, repeated 3 times. Mortality parameters were observed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after treatment (HAT). To investigate antifeedance, 10 coffee fruits were infested with 20 imagos  in plastic containers, repeated 3 times and parameters observed were the number of holes at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after infestation. The results showed that the largest component in liquid smoke presumably functioned as insecticides are Benzenesulfonic acid 4-hydroxy and Acetic acid. All liquid smokes tested were toxic to CBB imagos. The highest CBB mortalities occurred after liquid smoke treatment from coconut shell at concentrations of 2.5% by 48.87%, attack rate was only 20%, decreased 70%. Liquid smoke from coconut shell is the most potential as botanical  insecticide to control CBB.</em></p>

ABSTRAKPenggerek cabang Xylosandrus compactus merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman kopi yang dapat merusak cabang. Setiap klon kopi Robusta memiliki karakteristik genetis, fisiologis, dan morfologis yang berbeda-beda sehingga diduga memiliki tingkat ketahanan yang berbeda-beda pula terhadap serangan X. compactus. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui intensitas serangan X. compactus pada empat klon kopi Robusta (SA 237, BP 308, BP 358, dan RGBN 371) di tingkat lapangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon dan Laboratorium Terpadu Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri), Sukabumi, mulai bulan September sampai Desember 2016. Klon kopi Robusta yang digunakan adalah SA 237, BP 308, BP 358, dan RBGN 371 berumur 3 tahun yang ditanam dengan jarak tanam 2,5 m x 2,5 m, menggunakan penaung Gliricidia sepium, Musa paradisiaca, dan Aleurites trisperma. Peubah yang diamati meliputi gejala yang terdapat di dalam lubang, stadia serangga yang ditemukan, diameter lubang gerek, jumlah dan panjang telur, jumlah dan panjang larva, panjang dan lebar imago X. compactus, gejala serangan, serta intensitas serangan. Di samping itu, diamati juga intensitas cahaya matahari dan kandungan air dari cabang kopi sebagai data dukung. Data dianalisis mengikuti pola rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan klon kopi dan 6 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala serangan X. compactus terjadi pada bagian cabang kopi dan berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan tanaman. Dari empat klon kopi Robusta yang diamati, intensitas serangan dan jumlah lubang gerekan tertinggi ditemukan pada klon SA 237 dan terendah pada klon RBGN 371. Kata kunci: Intensitas serangan, kopi Robusta, penggerek cabang, Xylosandrus compactus ABSTRACTXylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is one main pest in coffee plant which damages the branches. Each Robusta coffee clones has unique genetical, physiological, and morphological characteristics, thus presumably has different resistance levels to X. Compactus. This study aimed to determine the attack intensity of X. compactus on four Robusta coffee clones (SA 237, BP 308, BP 358 and RBGN 371)